Cholelithiasis - Revision history

Michael at 03:36, 8 February 2016

2016-02-08T03:36:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:36, 8 February 2016
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	\| IF =		\| IF =
	\| Gross = yellow, black/brown or mixed (dependent on subtype)		\| Gross = yellow, black/brown or mixed (dependent on subtype)
	\| Grossing =		\| Grossing = [[gallbladder grossing]]
	\| Staging =		\| Staging =
	\| Site = [[gallbladder]]		\| Site = [[gallbladder]]

Michael at 03:41, 14 January 2016

2016-01-14T03:41:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:41, 14 January 2016
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	\| Grossing =		\| Grossing =
	\| Staging =		\| Staging =
	\| Site =		\| Site = [[gallbladder]]
	\| Assdx = choledocholithiasis, (gallstone) [[pancreatitis]]		\| Assdx = choledocholithiasis, (gallstone) [[pancreatitis]], [[acute cholecystitis]] (esp. if in gallbladder neck), [[chronic cholecystitis]]
	\| Syndromes =		\| Syndromes =
	\| Clinicalhx =		\| Clinicalhx =

Michael: /* Microscopic */

2016-01-14T03:37:33Z

Microscopic

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:37, 14 January 2016
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	==Microscopic==		==Microscopic==
	*Not routinely done on gallstones.		*'''Not''' routinely done on gallstones.

	===Images===		===Images===
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	Image: Gallstone -- very high mag.jpg \| GS - very high mag. (WC)		Image: Gallstone -- very high mag.jpg \| GS - very high mag. (WC)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==Sign out==		==Sign out==
	<pre>		<pre>

Michael at 03:36, 14 January 2016

2016-01-14T03:36:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:36, 14 January 2016
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			{{ Infobox diagnosis
			\| Name = {{PAGENAME}}
			\| Image = Gallensteine_2006_03_28.JPG
			\| Width =
			\| Caption = Yellow gallstones. (WC)
			\| Synonyms =
			\| Micro =
			\| Subtypes = cholesterol stones, pigment stones, mixed cholesterol/pigment stones
			\| LMDDx =
			\| Stains =
			\| IHC =
			\| EM =
			\| Molecular =
			\| IF =
			\| Gross = yellow, black/brown or mixed (dependent on subtype)
			\| Grossing =
			\| Staging =
			\| Site =
			\| Assdx = choledocholithiasis, (gallstone) [[pancreatitis]]
			\| Syndromes =
			\| Clinicalhx =
			\| Signs =
			\| Symptoms =
			\| Prevalence = very common
			\| Bloodwork =
			\| Rads =
			\| Endoscopy =
			\| Prognosis = benign
			\| Other =
			\| ClinDDx =
			\| Tx =
			}}
	'''Cholelithiasis''' is the formation of stones (gallstones) in the [[gallbladder]].		'''Cholelithiasis''' is the formation of stones (gallstones) in the [[gallbladder]].

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	*Not routinely done on gallstones.		*Not routinely done on gallstones.

			===Images===
			<gallery>
			Image: Gallstone -- intermed mag.jpg \| GS - intermed. mag. (WC)
			Image: Gallstone -- high mag.jpg \| GS - high mag. (WC)
			Image: Gallstone -- very high mag.jpg \| GS - very high mag. (WC)
			</gallery>
	==Sign out==		==Sign out==
	<pre>		<pre>

Michael: /* Sign out */

2015-08-19T12:59:51Z

Sign out

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:59, 19 August 2015
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	==Sign out==		==Sign out==
			<pre>
			Gallbladder, Cholecystectomy:
			- Cholelithiasis.
			- Gallbladder with minimal chronic inflammation.
			</pre>

			====Block letters====
	<pre>		<pre>
	GALLBLADDER CHOLECYSTECTOMY:		GALLBLADDER CHOLECYSTECTOMY:
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	</pre>		</pre>

	===Micro====		===Micro===
	The sections show gallbladder wall and cystic duct with scattered lymphocytes. There is no significant nuclear atypia. Neutrophils are not readily apparent. No definite entrapped epithelial crypts are identified within the gallbladder wall. The gallbladder wall is not significantly thickened.		The sections show gallbladder wall and cystic duct with scattered lymphocytes. There is no significant nuclear atypia. Neutrophils are not readily apparent. No definite entrapped epithelial crypts are identified within the gallbladder wall. The gallbladder wall is not significantly thickened.

Michael: /* Sign out */

2015-08-19T12:47:12Z

Sign out

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:47, 19 August 2015
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	- MILD CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS.		- MILD CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS.
	</pre>		</pre>

			===Micro====
			The sections show gallbladder wall and cystic duct with scattered lymphocytes. There is no significant nuclear atypia. Neutrophils are not readily apparent. No definite entrapped epithelial crypts are identified within the gallbladder wall. The gallbladder wall is not significantly thickened.

	==See also==		==See also==

Michael: /* General */

2015-08-19T12:44:15Z

General

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 19 August 2015
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	*Often accompanies [[cholecystitis]]/contributes and/or causes cholecystitis.		*Often accompanies [[cholecystitis]]/contributes and/or causes cholecystitis.
	*The gallbladder is removed following ''biliary pancreatitis'' ([[gallstone pancreatitis]]) to reduce recurrence risk.<ref name=pmid23181667>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Bouwense \| first1 = SA. \| last2 = Besselink \| first2 = MG. \| last3 = van Brunschot \| first3 = S. \| last4 = Bakker \| first4 = OJ. \| last5 = van Santvoort \| first5 = HC. \| last6 = Schepers \| first6 = NJ. \| last7 = Boermeester \| first7 = MA. \| last8 = Bollen \| first8 = TL. \| last9 = Bosscha \| first9 = K. \| title = Pancreatitis of biliary origin, optimal timing of cholecystectomy (PONCHO trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. \| journal = Trials \| volume = 13 \| issue = \| pages = 225 \| month = \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.1186/1745-6215-13-225 \| PMID = 23181667 }}</ref><ref name=pmid22470079>{{Cite journal \| last1 = van Baal \| first1 = MC. \| last2 = Besselink \| first2 = MG. \| last3 = Bakker \| first3 = OJ. \| last4 = van Santvoort \| first4 = HC. \| last5 = Schaapherder \| first5 = AF. \| last6 = Nieuwenhuijs \| first6 = VB. \| last7 = Gooszen \| first7 = HG. \| last8 = van Ramshorst \| first8 = B. \| last9 = Boerma \| first9 = D. \| title = Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis: a systematic review. \| journal = Ann Surg \| volume = 255 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 860-6 \| month = May \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182507646 \| PMID = 22470079 }}</ref>		*The gallbladder is removed following ''biliary pancreatitis'' ([[gallstone pancreatitis]]) to reduce recurrence risk.<ref name=pmid23181667>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Bouwense \| first1 = SA. \| last2 = Besselink \| first2 = MG. \| last3 = van Brunschot \| first3 = S. \| last4 = Bakker \| first4 = OJ. \| last5 = van Santvoort \| first5 = HC. \| last6 = Schepers \| first6 = NJ. \| last7 = Boermeester \| first7 = MA. \| last8 = Bollen \| first8 = TL. \| last9 = Bosscha \| first9 = K. \| title = Pancreatitis of biliary origin, optimal timing of cholecystectomy (PONCHO trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. \| journal = Trials \| volume = 13 \| issue = \| pages = 225 \| month = \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.1186/1745-6215-13-225 \| PMID = 23181667 }}</ref><ref name=pmid22470079>{{Cite journal \| last1 = van Baal \| first1 = MC. \| last2 = Besselink \| first2 = MG. \| last3 = Bakker \| first3 = OJ. \| last4 = van Santvoort \| first4 = HC. \| last5 = Schaapherder \| first5 = AF. \| last6 = Nieuwenhuijs \| first6 = VB. \| last7 = Gooszen \| first7 = HG. \| last8 = van Ramshorst \| first8 = B. \| last9 = Boerma \| first9 = D. \| title = Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis: a systematic review. \| journal = Ann Surg \| volume = 255 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 860-6 \| month = May \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182507646 \| PMID = 22470079 }}</ref>
	*~~Gallstones~~ may compress the common bile duct - known as ''Mirizzi syndrome''.<ref name=pmid25672201>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Khalid \| first1 = S. \| last2 = Bhatti \| first2 = AA. \| title = Mirizzi's syndrome: an interesting on table finding. \| journal = J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad \| volume = 26 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 621-4 \| month = \| year = \| doi = \| PMID = 25672201 }}</ref>		*Rarely, gallstones may compress the common bile duct - known as ''Mirizzi syndrome''.<ref name=pmid25672201>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Khalid \| first1 = S. \| last2 = Bhatti \| first2 = AA. \| title = Mirizzi's syndrome: an interesting on table finding. \| journal = J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad \| volume = 26 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 621-4 \| month = \| year = \| doi = \| PMID = 25672201 }}</ref>
	**Can be associated with jaundice.<ref name=pmid25513064>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Elhanafy \| first1 = E. \| last2 = Atef \| first2 = E. \| last3 = El Nakeeb \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Hamdy \| first4 = E. \| last5 = Elhemaly \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Sultan \| first6 = AM. \| title = Mirizzi Syndrome: How it could be a challenge. \| journal = Hepatogastroenterology \| volume = 61 \| issue = 133 \| pages = 1182-6 \| month = \| year = \| doi = \| PMID = 25513064 }}</ref>		**Can be associated with jaundice.<ref name=pmid25513064>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Elhanafy \| first1 = E. \| last2 = Atef \| first2 = E. \| last3 = El Nakeeb \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Hamdy \| first4 = E. \| last5 = Elhemaly \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Sultan \| first6 = AM. \| title = Mirizzi Syndrome: How it could be a challenge. \| journal = Hepatogastroenterology \| volume = 61 \| issue = 133 \| pages = 1182-6 \| month = \| year = \| doi = \| PMID = 25513064 }}</ref>

Michael: /* General */

2015-08-19T12:43:31Z

General

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:43, 19 August 2015
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	*Often accompanies [[cholecystitis]]/contributes and/or causes cholecystitis.		*Often accompanies [[cholecystitis]]/contributes and/or causes cholecystitis.
	*The gallbladder is removed following ''biliary pancreatitis'' ([[gallstone pancreatitis]]) to reduce recurrence risk.<ref name=pmid23181667>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Bouwense \| first1 = SA. \| last2 = Besselink \| first2 = MG. \| last3 = van Brunschot \| first3 = S. \| last4 = Bakker \| first4 = OJ. \| last5 = van Santvoort \| first5 = HC. \| last6 = Schepers \| first6 = NJ. \| last7 = Boermeester \| first7 = MA. \| last8 = Bollen \| first8 = TL. \| last9 = Bosscha \| first9 = K. \| title = Pancreatitis of biliary origin, optimal timing of cholecystectomy (PONCHO trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. \| journal = Trials \| volume = 13 \| issue = \| pages = 225 \| month = \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.1186/1745-6215-13-225 \| PMID = 23181667 }}</ref><ref name=pmid22470079>{{Cite journal \| last1 = van Baal \| first1 = MC. \| last2 = Besselink \| first2 = MG. \| last3 = Bakker \| first3 = OJ. \| last4 = van Santvoort \| first4 = HC. \| last5 = Schaapherder \| first5 = AF. \| last6 = Nieuwenhuijs \| first6 = VB. \| last7 = Gooszen \| first7 = HG. \| last8 = van Ramshorst \| first8 = B. \| last9 = Boerma \| first9 = D. \| title = Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis: a systematic review. \| journal = Ann Surg \| volume = 255 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 860-6 \| month = May \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182507646 \| PMID = 22470079 }}</ref>		*The gallbladder is removed following ''biliary pancreatitis'' ([[gallstone pancreatitis]]) to reduce recurrence risk.<ref name=pmid23181667>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Bouwense \| first1 = SA. \| last2 = Besselink \| first2 = MG. \| last3 = van Brunschot \| first3 = S. \| last4 = Bakker \| first4 = OJ. \| last5 = van Santvoort \| first5 = HC. \| last6 = Schepers \| first6 = NJ. \| last7 = Boermeester \| first7 = MA. \| last8 = Bollen \| first8 = TL. \| last9 = Bosscha \| first9 = K. \| title = Pancreatitis of biliary origin, optimal timing of cholecystectomy (PONCHO trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. \| journal = Trials \| volume = 13 \| issue = \| pages = 225 \| month = \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.1186/1745-6215-13-225 \| PMID = 23181667 }}</ref><ref name=pmid22470079>{{Cite journal \| last1 = van Baal \| first1 = MC. \| last2 = Besselink \| first2 = MG. \| last3 = Bakker \| first3 = OJ. \| last4 = van Santvoort \| first4 = HC. \| last5 = Schaapherder \| first5 = AF. \| last6 = Nieuwenhuijs \| first6 = VB. \| last7 = Gooszen \| first7 = HG. \| last8 = van Ramshorst \| first8 = B. \| last9 = Boerma \| first9 = D. \| title = Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis: a systematic review. \| journal = Ann Surg \| volume = 255 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 860-6 \| month = May \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182507646 \| PMID = 22470079 }}</ref>
	*Gallstones may compress the common bile duct - known as ''Mirizzi ~~Syndrome~~''.<ref name=pmid25672201>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Khalid \| first1 = S. \| last2 = Bhatti \| first2 = AA. \| title = Mirizzi's syndrome: an interesting on table finding. \| journal = J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad \| volume = 26 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 621-4 \| month = \| year = \| doi = \| PMID = 25672201 }}</ref>		*Gallstones may compress the common bile duct - known as ''Mirizzi syndrome''.<ref name=pmid25672201>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Khalid \| first1 = S. \| last2 = Bhatti \| first2 = AA. \| title = Mirizzi's syndrome: an interesting on table finding. \| journal = J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad \| volume = 26 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 621-4 \| month = \| year = \| doi = \| PMID = 25672201 }}</ref>
	**Can be associated with jaundice.<ref name=pmid25513064>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Elhanafy \| first1 = E. \| last2 = Atef \| first2 = E. \| last3 = El Nakeeb \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Hamdy \| first4 = E. \| last5 = Elhemaly \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Sultan \| first6 = AM. \| title = Mirizzi Syndrome: How it could be a challenge. \| journal = Hepatogastroenterology \| volume = 61 \| issue = 133 \| pages = 1182-6 \| month = \| year = \| doi = \| PMID = 25513064 }}</ref>		**Can be associated with jaundice.<ref name=pmid25513064>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Elhanafy \| first1 = E. \| last2 = Atef \| first2 = E. \| last3 = El Nakeeb \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Hamdy \| first4 = E. \| last5 = Elhemaly \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Sultan \| first6 = AM. \| title = Mirizzi Syndrome: How it could be a challenge. \| journal = Hepatogastroenterology \| volume = 61 \| issue = 133 \| pages = 1182-6 \| month = \| year = \| doi = \| PMID = 25513064 }}</ref>

Michael at 21:40, 18 August 2015

2015-08-18T21:40:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:40, 18 August 2015
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	'''Cholelithiasis''' is the ~~presence~~ of stones (gallstones) in the [[gallbladder].		'''Cholelithiasis''' is the formation of stones (gallstones) in the [[gallbladder]].

	==General==		==General==

Michael: split out

2015-08-18T21:38:19Z

split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:38, 18 August 2015
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	~~#redirect~~ [[Gallbladder~~#Cholelithiasis~~]]		'''Cholelithiasis''' is the presence of stones (gallstones) in the [[gallbladder].

			==General==
			*Often accompanies [[cholecystitis]]/contributes and/or causes cholecystitis.
			*The gallbladder is removed following ''biliary pancreatitis'' ([[gallstone pancreatitis]]) to reduce recurrence risk.<ref name=pmid23181667>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Bouwense \| first1 = SA. \| last2 = Besselink \| first2 = MG. \| last3 = van Brunschot \| first3 = S. \| last4 = Bakker \| first4 = OJ. \| last5 = van Santvoort \| first5 = HC. \| last6 = Schepers \| first6 = NJ. \| last7 = Boermeester \| first7 = MA. \| last8 = Bollen \| first8 = TL. \| last9 = Bosscha \| first9 = K. \| title = Pancreatitis of biliary origin, optimal timing of cholecystectomy (PONCHO trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. \| journal = Trials \| volume = 13 \| issue = \| pages = 225 \| month = \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.1186/1745-6215-13-225 \| PMID = 23181667 }}</ref><ref name=pmid22470079>{{Cite journal \| last1 = van Baal \| first1 = MC. \| last2 = Besselink \| first2 = MG. \| last3 = Bakker \| first3 = OJ. \| last4 = van Santvoort \| first4 = HC. \| last5 = Schaapherder \| first5 = AF. \| last6 = Nieuwenhuijs \| first6 = VB. \| last7 = Gooszen \| first7 = HG. \| last8 = van Ramshorst \| first8 = B. \| last9 = Boerma \| first9 = D. \| title = Timing of cholecystectomy after mild biliary pancreatitis: a systematic review. \| journal = Ann Surg \| volume = 255 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 860-6 \| month = May \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182507646 \| PMID = 22470079 }}</ref>
			*Gallstones may compress the common bile duct - known as ''Mirizzi Syndrome''.<ref name=pmid25672201>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Khalid \| first1 = S. \| last2 = Bhatti \| first2 = AA. \| title = Mirizzi's syndrome: an interesting on table finding. \| journal = J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad \| volume = 26 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 621-4 \| month = \| year = \| doi = \| PMID = 25672201 }}</ref>
			**Can be associated with jaundice.<ref name=pmid25513064>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Elhanafy \| first1 = E. \| last2 = Atef \| first2 = E. \| last3 = El Nakeeb \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Hamdy \| first4 = E. \| last5 = Elhemaly \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Sultan \| first6 = AM. \| title = Mirizzi Syndrome: How it could be a challenge. \| journal = Hepatogastroenterology \| volume = 61 \| issue = 133 \| pages = 1182-6 \| month = \| year = \| doi = \| PMID = 25513064 }}</ref>

			The two types of gallstones:
			*Cholesterol stones.
			*Pigment stones.

			Note:
			*Most stones technically speaking are a mix, i.e. cholesterol and pigment. Many call yellow stones that are a mix "cholesterol stones".

			===Epidemiology===
			Classic risk factors for gallstones - 4 Fs:<ref name=pmid18540184>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Szwed \| first1 = Z. \| last2 = Zyciński \| first2 = P. \| title = [4F's--still up to date risk factors of cholelithiasis]. \| journal = Wiad Lek \| volume = 60 \| issue = 11-12 \| pages = 570-3 \| month = \| year = 2007 \| doi = \| PMID = 18540184 }}</ref>
			*'''F'''emale.
			*'''F'''at.
			*'''F'''orty.
			*'''F'''ertile.

			Additional:
			*Family history.

			===Cholesterol stones===
			*More common than pigment stone.

			Appearance:
			*Clear or yellow.
			*Opaque or translucent.
			*Sometimes shinny.

			====Image====
			<gallery>
			Image:Gallensteine_2006_03_28.JPG \| Yellow gallstones. (WC)
			</gallery>
			===Pigment stones===
			*Due to high [[RBC]] turnover, e.g. [[sickle cell disease]], thalassemia.
			*Radio-opaque.<ref>URL: [http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20%28General%20Monographs-%20U%29/URSOFALK.html http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20%28General%20Monographs-%20U%29/URSOFALK.html]. Accessed on: 29 October 2011.</ref>

			Appearance:
			*Black - '''key feature'''.
			*Dull.

			==Microscopic==
			*Not routinely done on gallstones.

			==Sign out==
			<pre>
			GALLBLADDER CHOLECYSTECTOMY:
			- CHOLELITHIASIS.
			- MILD CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS.
			</pre>

			==See also==
			*[[Gallbladder]].
			*[[Kidney stones]].

			==References==
			{{Reflist\|2}}

	[[Category:Diagnosis]]		[[Category:Diagnosis]]
			[[Category:Gallbladder]]