Congenital heart disease - Revision history

Michael: /* Atrial septal defect */

2013-01-08T19:31:49Z

Atrial septal defect

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:31, 8 January 2013
Line 99:		Line 99:
	===General===		===General===
	*May be seen in adults.		*May be seen in adults.
			*Classically a left-to-right shunt.
			**Leads to RV dilation.<ref name=pmid22893692>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Nyboe \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Fenger-Grøn \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Nielsen-Kudsk \| first3 = JE. \| last4 = Hjortdal \| first4 = V. \| title = Closure of secundum atrial septal defects in the adult and elderly patients. \| journal = Eur J Cardiothorac Surg \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Aug \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.1093/ejcts/ezs405 \| PMID = 22893692 }}</ref>

	Clinical:		Clinical:

Michael: /* Cor pulmonale */

2012-05-03T03:01:07Z

Cor pulmonale

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:01, 3 May 2012
Line 207:		Line 207:

	==Cor pulmonale==		==Cor pulmonale==
	~~[[Pulmonary hypertension]]~~ due to ~~heart~~ disease.		Heart disease due to pulmonary disease.

	===Pulmonary hypertension===		Causes - incomplete list:<ref>URL: [http://medsources.blogspot.ca/2011/09/cor-pulmonale.html http://medsources.blogspot.ca/2011/09/cor-pulmonale.html]. Accessed on: 2 May 2012.</ref>
			*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]].
			*Chronic thromboembolic disease.
			*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]].
			*[[Interstitial lung disease]].
			**[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]].
			*[[Cystic fibrosis]].

			==Pulmonary hypertension==
	{{Main\|Pulmonary hypertension}}		{{Main\|Pulmonary hypertension}}
			*May cause ''[[cor pulmonale]]''.

	Pressure - definition:<ref name=pmid19416617/>		Pressure - definition:<ref name=pmid19416617/>
	*Mean ~~pulm.~~ arterial pressure >25 mmHg at rest.		*Mean pulmonary arterial pressure >25 mmHg at rest.

	=See also=		=See also=

Michael: tweak formating

2012-04-27T19:55:59Z

tweak formating

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:55, 27 April 2012
Line 53:		Line 53:
	*Fontan procedure cannot be done in a newborn as the pulmonary vascular bed resistance is too high.<ref name=pmid5089489/>		*Fontan procedure cannot be done in a newborn as the pulmonary vascular bed resistance is too high.<ref name=pmid5089489/>

	==Shunts - overview==		=Shunts - overview=
	Most shunts are a consequence of congenital heart disease. They can be grouped into ''left-to-right'' and ''right-to-left''.		Most shunts are a consequence of congenital heart disease. They can be grouped into ''left-to-right'' and ''right-to-left''.

	===Left-to-right===		==Left-to-right==
	Mnemonic ''the Ds'':<ref name=Ref_PBoD566>{{Ref PBoD\|566}}</ref>		Mnemonic ''the Ds'':<ref name=Ref_PBoD566>{{Ref PBoD\|566}}</ref>
	*ASD = atrial septal defect.		*ASD = atrial septal defect.
Line 64:		Line 64:

	Note: The word ''Left'' has four letters and there are four L->R shunts.		Note: The word ''Left'' has four letters and there are four L->R shunts.
	===Right-to-left===		==Right-to-left==
	Mnemonic ''5 Ts'':<ref name=Ref_PBoD568>{{Ref PBoD\|568}}</ref>		Mnemonic ''5 Ts'':<ref name=Ref_PBoD568>{{Ref PBoD\|568}}</ref>
	*Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).		*Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

Michael: /* Splenic abnormalities */ wikify

2012-04-27T19:23:46Z

Splenic abnormalities: wikify

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:23, 27 April 2012
Line 198:		Line 198:

	==Splenic abnormalities==		==Splenic abnormalities==
			{{Main\|Spleen}}
	Asplenia is associated with cardiac abnormalities:<ref name=pmid1191445>{{cite journal \|author=Rose V, Izukawa T, Moes CA \|title=Syndromes of asplenia and polysplenia. A review of cardiac and non-cardiac malformations in 60 cases withspecial reference to diagnosis and prognosis \|journal=Br Heart J \|volume=37 \|issue=8 \|pages=840-52 \|year=1975 \|month=August \|pmid=1191445 \|pmc=482884 \|doi= \|url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/pagerender.fcgi?artid=482884&pageindex=1#page}}</ref>		Asplenia is associated with cardiac abnormalities:<ref name=pmid1191445>{{cite journal \|author=Rose V, Izukawa T, Moes CA \|title=Syndromes of asplenia and polysplenia. A review of cardiac and non-cardiac malformations in 60 cases withspecial reference to diagnosis and prognosis \|journal=Br Heart J \|volume=37 \|issue=8 \|pages=840-52 \|year=1975 \|month=August \|pmid=1191445 \|pmc=482884 \|doi= \|url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/pagerender.fcgi?artid=482884&pageindex=1#page}}</ref>
	*Aspenia = '''B'''oys, '''B'''ad congenital malformations (transposition of great vessels, pulmonary atresia/stenosis, ~~totally~~ anomalous pulmonary return).		*Aspenia = '''B'''oys, '''B'''ad congenital malformations ([[transposition of the great vessels]], pulmonary atresia/stenosis, [[total anomalous pulmonary venous return]]).
	**Interesting is that these are all right-to-left shunts.		**Interesting is that these are all right-to-left shunts.

Michael: /* Left hypoplastic heart syndrome */ w

2012-04-27T18:08:34Z

Left hypoplastic heart syndrome: w

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 27 April 2012
Line 185:		Line 185:

	Key characteristic:<ref name=emed_hlhs>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890196-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890196-overview]</ref>		Key characteristic:<ref name=emed_hlhs>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890196-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890196-overview]</ref>
	*Atrial septal defect (ASD) -- left-to-right shunt.		*[[Atrial septal defect]] (ASD) -- left-to-right shunt.

	Causality:		Causality:

Michael: /* Ebstein anomaly */ w

2012-04-27T18:07:59Z

Ebstein anomaly: w

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:07, 27 April 2012
Line 173:		Line 173:
	==Ebstein anomaly==		==Ebstein anomaly==
	===General===		===General===
	*Often right-to-left shunt - as it is seen with an atrial septal defect (ASD).		*Often right-to-left shunt - as it is seen with an [[atrial septal defect]] (ASD).
	*Tricuspid incompetence -> right atrial enlargement.<ref>URL: [http://www.chop.edu/service/cardiac-center/heart-conditions/ebsteins-anomaly.html http://www.chop.edu/service/cardiac-center/heart-conditions/ebsteins-anomaly.html]. Accessed on: 27 November 2011.</ref>		*Tricuspid incompetence -> right atrial enlargement.<ref>URL: [http://www.chop.edu/service/cardiac-center/heart-conditions/ebsteins-anomaly.html http://www.chop.edu/service/cardiac-center/heart-conditions/ebsteins-anomaly.html]. Accessed on: 27 November 2011.</ref>
	*Weak association with maternal lithium use.<ref name=pmid16611133>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Giles \| first1 = JJ. \| last2 = Bannigan \| first2 = JG. \| title = Teratogenic and developmental effects of lithium. \| journal = Curr Pharm Des \| volume = 12 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 1531-41 \| month = \| year = 2006 \| doi = \| PMID = 16611133 }}</ref>		*Weak association with maternal lithium use.<ref name=pmid16611133>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Giles \| first1 = JJ. \| last2 = Bannigan \| first2 = JG. \| title = Teratogenic and developmental effects of lithium. \| journal = Curr Pharm Des \| volume = 12 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 1531-41 \| month = \| year = 2006 \| doi = \| PMID = 16611133 }}</ref>

Michael: wikify LHHS

2012-04-27T15:38:13Z

wikify LHHS

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:38, 27 April 2012
Line 4:		Line 4:
	====Norwood procedure====		====Norwood procedure====
	Indication:		Indication:
	*LHHS - following birth.		*[[LHHS]] - following birth.

	Details:		Details:
Line 29:		Line 29:

	Indication:		Indication:
	*LHHS - following Norwood procedure, reduce work done by the heart; usu. done at age 4 to 6 months.		*[[LHHS]] - following Norwood procedure, reduce work done by the heart; usu. done at age 4 to 6 months.

	Details:		Details:

Michael: /* Left hypoplastic heart syndrome */ wikify, format

2012-04-27T15:36:53Z

Left hypoplastic heart syndrome: wikify, format

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 27 April 2012
Line 178:		Line 178:

	==Left hypoplastic heart syndrome==		==Left hypoplastic heart syndrome==
			*Abbreviated ''LHHS''.

			===General===
	Defintion:<ref>Moore. TDH. P.361</ref>		Defintion:<ref>Moore. TDH. P.361</ref>
	*Physiologically inadequate left ventricle.		*Physiologically inadequate left ventricle.
Line 189:		Line 192:

	Associations:<ref name=emed_hlhs/>		Associations:<ref name=emed_hlhs/>
	*Turner syndrome.		*[[Turner syndrome]].
	*Noonan syndrome - sometimes called "male version of Turner syndrome".		*Noonan syndrome - sometimes called "male version of Turner syndrome".
	*Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.		*Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
	*Holt-Oram syndrome.<ref name=pmid15505648>{{cite journal \|author=Ekure EN, Okoromah CN, Briggs E, Ajenifuja OA \|title=Holt-Oram syndrome with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in an African child \|journal=Niger Postgrad Med J \|volume=11 \|issue=3 \|pages=190–2 \|year=2004 \|month=September \|pmid=15505648 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref>		*Holt-Oram syndrome.<ref name=pmid15505648>{{cite journal \|author=Ekure EN, Okoromah CN, Briggs E, Ajenifuja OA \|title=Holt-Oram syndrome with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in an African child \|journal=Niger Postgrad Med J \|volume=11 \|issue=3 \|pages=190–2 \|year=2004 \|month=September \|pmid=15505648 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref>


	==Splenic abnormalities==		==Splenic abnormalities==

Michael: /* Causes */ w

2012-04-27T15:09:58Z

Causes: w

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:09, 27 April 2012
Line 125:		Line 125:

	====Causes====		====Causes====
	*ASD - rarely causes Eisenmenger syndrome.		*[[ASD]] - rarely causes Eisenmenger syndrome.
	*[[VSD]].		*[[VSD]].
	*Extra-cardiac shunt.		*Extra-cardiac shunt.

Michael: /* Atrial septal defect */ more

2012-04-27T15:09:16Z

Atrial septal defect: more

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:09, 27 April 2012
Line 96:		Line 96:

	==Atrial septal defect==		==Atrial septal defect==
			*Abbreviated ''ASD''.
			===General===
	*May be seen in adults.		*May be seen in adults.

	~~===~~Clinical~~===~~		Clinical:
	*Fixed S2 split.		*Fixed S2 split.

	===Classification===		===Classification===
	Types:<ref>~~[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ASD.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ASD.png]~~</ref>		Types:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8\|287>{{Ref PCPBoD8\|287}}</ref>
	*Ostium secundum ~~(most common) - between~~ SVC and IVC.		#Ostium secundum
	*Ostium primum ~~- between~~ SVC and IVC ~~closer~~ to RV.		#*Between SVC and IVC.
	*Upper sinus venosus defect - at SVC.		#Ostium primum
	*Lower sinus venosus defect - at IVC.		#*Between SVC and IVC. Closer to RV.
	*Coronary sinus defect.		#Sinus venosus.
			#*May be subdivided into:
			#**Upper sinus venosus defect - at SVC.
			#**Lower sinus venosus defect - at IVC.

	The ostium secundum are the most common and usually found in isolation, i.e. there are not other associated abnormalities.		Notes:
			*The ostium secundum are the most common and usually found in isolation, i.e. there are not other associated abnormalities.

	==Eisenmenger syndrome==		==Eisenmenger syndrome==