Fetal autopsy - Revision history

Kai: /* Adrenal fetal fat pattern */

2016-04-06T13:48:12Z

Adrenal fetal fat pattern

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:48, 6 April 2016
Line 39:		Line 39:

	====Adrenal fetal fat pattern====		====Adrenal fetal fat pattern====
	*Can be ~~access~~ with ''oil red O'' staining.		*Can be assessed with ''oil red O'' staining.

	The pattern of adrenal fat is informative about duration of stress prior to (intrauterine) demise:<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Becker MJ, Becker AE \|title=Fat distribution in the adrenal cortex as an indication of the mode of intrauterine death \|journal=Hum. Pathol. \|volume=7 \|issue=5 \|pages=495–504 \|year=1976 \|month=September \|pmid=964978 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref>		The pattern of adrenal fat is informative about duration of stress prior to (intrauterine) demise:<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Becker MJ, Becker AE \|title=Fat distribution in the adrenal cortex as an indication of the mode of intrauterine death \|journal=Hum. Pathol. \|volume=7 \|issue=5 \|pages=495–504 \|year=1976 \|month=September \|pmid=964978 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref>
Line 47:		Line 47:

	Additional ref.: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1545415/pdf/archdisch00800-0007.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1545415/pdf/archdisch00800-0007.pdf].		Additional ref.: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1545415/pdf/archdisch00800-0007.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1545415/pdf/archdisch00800-0007.pdf].

	===Kidney===		===Kidney===
	*Cortex regresses.		*Cortex regresses.

Michael: /* Developmental stuff */ split-out

2014-01-02T21:07:16Z

Developmental stuff: split-out

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:07, 2 January 2014
Line 92:		Line 92:
	**Spina bifida occulta.		**Spina bifida occulta.

	===Chiari ~~malformations~~===		===Chiari malformation===
	~~Numbered from least severe to most severe:~~		{{Main\|Chiari malformation}}
	*Chiari type I - tonsils herniated<ref>URL: [http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Disease.aspx?diseaseID=9230 http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/Disease.aspx?diseaseID=9230]. Accessed on: 6 May 2011.</ref> (radiologic definition: 4-6 mm below the plane of the foramen magnum).
	**Associated with: sudden death, sleep apnea, cerebellar ataxia.
	*Chiari type II - often assoc. with hydrocephaly at birth.
	*Chiari type III - cerebellum + brain stem herniate through foramen magnum +/- encephalocele.<ref>URL: [http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/chiari/detail_chiari.htm http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/chiari/detail_chiari.htm]. Accessed on: 6 May 2011.</ref>
	*Chiari ~~type IV - cerebellar hypoplasia or no cerebellum.~~

	===Dandy-Walker syndrome===		===Dandy-Walker syndrome===

Michael: /* Neural tube defects */ tweak

2012-04-29T19:12:09Z

Neural tube defects: tweak

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:12, 29 April 2012
Line 85:		Line 85:
	==Developmental stuff==		==Developmental stuff==
	===Neural tube defects===		===Neural tube defects===
	*Anencephaly - top of head missing.		*Anencephaly - no brain, top of head missing.
	*Spina bifida.		*Spina bifida.
	**Spina bifida cystica.		**Spina bifida cystica.

Michael: /* Developmental stuff */ +Neural tube defects

2012-04-29T19:07:55Z

Developmental stuff: +Neural tube defects

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:07, 29 April 2012
Line 84:		Line 84:

	==Developmental stuff==		==Developmental stuff==
			===Neural tube defects===
			*Anencephaly - top of head missing.
			*Spina bifida.
			**Spina bifida cystica.
			***Meningocele - less severe, herniation of only the membrane.
			***Myelomeningocele - more sever, herniation of membranes and cord.
			**Spina bifida occulta.

	===Chiari malformations===		===Chiari malformations===
	Numbered from least severe to most severe:		Numbered from least severe to most severe:

Michael: /* Gross */

2012-04-28T17:53:53Z

Gross

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 28 April 2012
Line 75:		Line 75:

	===Gross===		===Gross===
			Features:
	*Autoamputation of appendages and body wall defects +/- anomalies of internal organs.		*Autoamputation of appendages and body wall defects +/- anomalies of internal organs.
	*Fibrous bands ~~- '''key feature''' for~~ ''amniotic band syndrome''.		*+/-Fibrous bands (seen cases labelled ''amniotic band syndrome'').

	Images:		Images:

Michael: /* Amniotic rupture sequence */ expand

2012-04-28T17:51:35Z

Amniotic rupture sequence: expand

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:51, 28 April 2012
Line 67:		Line 67:
	*Amniotic band syndrome.<ref name=pmid2624577>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Lin \| first1 = HH. \| last2 = Wu \| first2 = CC. \| last3 = Hsieh \| first3 = FJ. \| last4 = Hsieh \| first4 = CY. \| last5 = Lee \| first5 = TY. \| title = Amniotic rupture sequence: report of five cases. \| journal = Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol \| volume = 15 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 343-50 \| month = Dec \| year = 1989 \| doi = \| PMID = 2624577 }}</ref>		*Amniotic band syndrome.<ref name=pmid2624577>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Lin \| first1 = HH. \| last2 = Wu \| first2 = CC. \| last3 = Hsieh \| first3 = FJ. \| last4 = Hsieh \| first4 = CY. \| last5 = Lee \| first5 = TY. \| title = Amniotic rupture sequence: report of five cases. \| journal = Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol \| volume = 15 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 343-50 \| month = Dec \| year = 1989 \| doi = \| PMID = 2624577 }}</ref>
	*Amniotic adhesion sequence.		*Amniotic adhesion sequence.
	*Limb-body wall complex		*Limb-body wall complex - characterized by ventral body wall defects.<ref name=pmid18603699>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Prasun \| first1 = P. \| last2 = Behera \| first2 = BK. \| last3 = Pradhan \| first3 = M. \| title = Limb body wall complex. \| journal = Indian J Pathol Microbiol \| volume = 51 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 255-6 \| month = \| year = \| doi = \| PMID = 18603699 }}</ref>

	Etiology:		Etiology:

Michael: /* Amniotic rupture sequence */ expand

2012-04-28T17:47:18Z

Amniotic rupture sequence: expand

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:47, 28 April 2012
Line 65:		Line 65:
	===General===		===General===
	The term encompasses:<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 26 October 2010.</ref>		The term encompasses:<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 26 October 2010.</ref>
	*Amniotic band syndrome.		*Amniotic band syndrome.<ref name=pmid2624577>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Lin \| first1 = HH. \| last2 = Wu \| first2 = CC. \| last3 = Hsieh \| first3 = FJ. \| last4 = Hsieh \| first4 = CY. \| last5 = Lee \| first5 = TY. \| title = Amniotic rupture sequence: report of five cases. \| journal = Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol \| volume = 15 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 343-50 \| month = Dec \| year = 1989 \| doi = \| PMID = 2624577 }}</ref>
	*Amniotic adhesion sequence.		*Amniotic adhesion sequence.
	*Limb-body wall complex		*Limb-body wall complex
Line 71:		Line 71:
	Etiology:		Etiology:
	*Congenital.		*Congenital.
	**Thought to arise due to an amniotic tear in the first trimester.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jamsheer \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Materna-Kiryluk \| first2 = A. \| last3 = Badura-Stronka \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Wiśniewska \| first4 = K. \| last5 = Wieckowska \| first5 = B. \| last6 = Mejnartowicz \| first6 = J. \| last7 = Balcar-Boroń \| first7 = A. \| last8 = Borszewska-Kornacka \| first8 = M. \| last9 = Czerwionka-Szaflarska \| first9 = M. \| title = Comparative study of clinical characteristics of amniotic rupture sequence with and without body wall defect: further evidence for separation. \| journal = Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol \| volume = 85 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 211-5 \| month = Mar \| year = 2009 \| doi = 10.1002/bdra.20555 \| PMID = 19180633 }}</ref>		**Thought to arise due to an amniotic tear in the first trimester.<ref name=pmid19180633>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jamsheer \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Materna-Kiryluk \| first2 = A. \| last3 = Badura-Stronka \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Wiśniewska \| first4 = K. \| last5 = Wieckowska \| first5 = B. \| last6 = Mejnartowicz \| first6 = J. \| last7 = Balcar-Boroń \| first7 = A. \| last8 = Borszewska-Kornacka \| first8 = M. \| last9 = Czerwionka-Szaflarska \| first9 = M. \| title = Comparative study of clinical characteristics of amniotic rupture sequence with and without body wall defect: further evidence for separation. \| journal = Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol \| volume = 85 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 211-5 \| month = Mar \| year = 2009 \| doi = 10.1002/bdra.20555 \| PMID = 19180633 }}</ref>
	**Karyotypes are usually normal.		**Karyotypes are usually normal.

Michael: /* Amnion rupture sequence */ +images

2012-04-28T17:45:05Z

Amnion rupture sequence: +images

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:45, 28 April 2012
Line 61:		Line 61:
	*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thymic_corpuscle.jpg Thymic corpuscle (WC)].		*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thymic_corpuscle.jpg Thymic corpuscle (WC)].

	==~~Amnion~~ rupture sequence==		==Amniotic rupture sequence==
	A term ~~that~~ encompasses:<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 26 October 2010.</ref>		*[[AKA]] ''amnion rupture sequence''.
			===General===
			The term encompasses:<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q11-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 26 October 2010.</ref>
	*Amniotic band syndrome.		*Amniotic band syndrome.
	*Amniotic adhesion sequence.		*Amniotic adhesion sequence.
	*Limb-body wall complex		*Limb-body wall complex

	~~===~~Etiology~~===~~		Etiology:
	*Congenital.		*Congenital.
	**Karyotypes is normal.		**Thought to arise due to an amniotic tear in the first trimester.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jamsheer \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Materna-Kiryluk \| first2 = A. \| last3 = Badura-Stronka \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Wiśniewska \| first4 = K. \| last5 = Wieckowska \| first5 = B. \| last6 = Mejnartowicz \| first6 = J. \| last7 = Balcar-Boroń \| first7 = A. \| last8 = Borszewska-Kornacka \| first8 = M. \| last9 = Czerwionka-Szaflarska \| first9 = M. \| title = Comparative study of clinical characteristics of amniotic rupture sequence with and without body wall defect: further evidence for separation. \| journal = Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol \| volume = 85 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 211-5 \| month = Mar \| year = 2009 \| doi = 10.1002/bdra.20555 \| PMID = 19180633 }}</ref>
			**Karyotypes are usually normal.

	===Gross===		===Gross===
	*Autoamputation of appendages and body wall defects +/- anomalies of internal organs.		*Autoamputation of appendages and body wall defects +/- anomalies of internal organs.
			*Fibrous bands - '''key feature''' for ''amniotic band syndrome''.

			Images:
			*[http://www.sonoworld.com/fetus/page.aspx?id=2318 Amniotic band syndrome - gross (sonoworld.com)].
			*[http://www.gfmer.ch/genetic_diseases_v2/gendis_detail_list.php?offset=15&cat3=535 Amniotic band syndrome - several images (gfmer.ch)].

	==Developmental stuff==		==Developmental stuff==

Michael: /* Dandy-Walker syndrome */

2011-08-23T15:25:55Z

Dandy-Walker syndrome

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:25, 23 August 2011
Line 84:		Line 84:

	===Dandy-Walker syndrome===		===Dandy-Walker syndrome===
	*[[AKA]] Dandy-Walker malformation.		*[[AKA]] Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM).
	*Prevalence: ~ 1/5000 live borns.		*Prevalence: ~ 1/5000 live borns.
	*Diagnosis: ultrasound.		*Diagnosis: ultrasound.
Line 97:		Line 97:
	DDx:		DDx:
	*Arachnoid cyst.		*Arachnoid cyst.
	*Blake's pouch cyst~~<ref name=pmid10872175>URL: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10872175 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10872175]. Accessed on: 6 May 2011.</ref>~~ - on a contiunuum with ~~DWS~~.<ref name=pmid10872175>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Calabrò \| first1 = F. \| last2 = Arcuri \| first2 = T. \| last3 = Jinkins \| first3 = JR. \| title = Blake's pouch cyst: an entity within the Dandy-Walker continuum. \| journal = Neuroradiology \| volume = 42 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 290-5 \| month = Apr \| year = 2000 \| doi = \| PMID = 10872175 }}</ref>		*Blake's pouch cyst - on a contiunuum with DWM.<ref name=pmid10872175>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Calabrò \| first1 = F. \| last2 = Arcuri \| first2 = T. \| last3 = Jinkins \| first3 = JR. \| title = Blake's pouch cyst: an entity within the Dandy-Walker continuum. \| journal = Neuroradiology \| volume = 42 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 290-5 \| month = Apr \| year = 2000 \| doi = \| PMID = 10872175 }}</ref>

	==Growth parameters==		==Growth parameters==

Michael: /* Dandy-Walker syndrome */ more

2011-08-23T15:24:31Z

Dandy-Walker syndrome: more

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:24, 23 August 2011
Line 97:		Line 97:
	DDx:		DDx:
	*Arachnoid cyst.		*Arachnoid cyst.
	*Blake's pouch.<ref name=pmid10872175>URL: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10872175 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10872175]. Accessed on: 6 May 2011.</ref>		*Blake's pouch cyst<ref name=pmid10872175>URL: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10872175 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10872175]. Accessed on: 6 May 2011.</ref> - on a contiunuum with DWS.<ref name=pmid10872175>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Calabrò \| first1 = F. \| last2 = Arcuri \| first2 = T. \| last3 = Jinkins \| first3 = JR. \| title = Blake's pouch cyst: an entity within the Dandy-Walker continuum. \| journal = Neuroradiology \| volume = 42 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 290-5 \| month = Apr \| year = 2000 \| doi = \| PMID = 10872175 }}</ref>

	==Growth parameters==		==Growth parameters==