Malignant melanoma - Revision history

Michael: /* Others */

2021-11-05T15:32:03Z

Others

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 5 November 2021
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	*Melanoma cocktail (HMB-45, MART-1).<ref name=pmid18360125>{{cite journal \|author=Jani P, Chetty R, Ghazarian DM \|title=An unusual composite pilomatrix carcinoma with intralesional melanocytes: differential diagnosis, immunohistochemical evaluation, and review of the literature \|journal=Am J Dermatopathol \|volume=30 \|issue=2 \|pages=174–7 \|year=2008 \|month=April \|pmid=18360125 \|doi=10.1097/DAD.0b013e318165b8fe \|url=}}</ref>		*Melanoma cocktail (HMB-45, MART-1).<ref name=pmid18360125>{{cite journal \|author=Jani P, Chetty R, Ghazarian DM \|title=An unusual composite pilomatrix carcinoma with intralesional melanocytes: differential diagnosis, immunohistochemical evaluation, and review of the literature \|journal=Am J Dermatopathol \|volume=30 \|issue=2 \|pages=174–7 \|year=2008 \|month=April \|pmid=18360125 \|doi=10.1097/DAD.0b013e318165b8fe \|url=}}</ref>
	*Microphthalmia (MITF) - easy to interpret as it is a nuclear stain.<ref>{{OMIM\|156845}}</ref><ref name=pmid16899407>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Levy \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Khaled \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Fisher \| first3 = DE. \| title = MITF: master regulator of melanocyte development and melanoma oncogene. \| journal = Trends Mol Med \| volume = 12 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 406-14 \| month = Sep \| year = 2006 \| doi = 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.07.008 \| PMID = 16899407 }}</ref>		*[[Microphthalmia transcription factor]] (MITF) - easy to interpret as it is a nuclear stain.<ref>{{OMIM\|156845}}</ref><ref name=pmid16899407>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Levy \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Khaled \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Fisher \| first3 = DE. \| title = MITF: master regulator of melanocyte development and melanoma oncogene. \| journal = Trends Mol Med \| volume = 12 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 406-14 \| month = Sep \| year = 2006 \| doi = 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.07.008 \| PMID = 16899407 }}</ref>
	*Tyrosinase.<ref name=pmid17227112>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Roma \| first1 = AA. \| last2 = Magi-Galluzzi \| first2 = C. \| last3 = Zhou \| first3 = M. \| title = Differential expression of melanocytic markers in myoid, lipomatous, and vascular components of renal angiomyolipomas. \| journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med \| volume = 131 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 122-5 \| month = Jan \| year = 2007 \| doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[122:DEOMMI]2.0.CO;2 \| PMID = 17227112 }}</ref>		*Tyrosinase.<ref name=pmid17227112>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Roma \| first1 = AA. \| last2 = Magi-Galluzzi \| first2 = C. \| last3 = Zhou \| first3 = M. \| title = Differential expression of melanocytic markers in myoid, lipomatous, and vascular components of renal angiomyolipomas. \| journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med \| volume = 131 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 122-5 \| month = Jan \| year = 2007 \| doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[122:DEOMMI]2.0.CO;2 \| PMID = 17227112 }}</ref>
	*WT1 usually +ve<ref name=pmid17927581>{{cite journal \|author=Wilsher M, Cheerala B \|title=WT1 as a complementary marker of malignant melanoma: an immunohistochemical study of whole sections \|journal=Histopathology \|volume=51 \|issue=5 \|pages=605–10 \|year=2007 \|month=November \|pmid=17927581 \|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02843.x \|url=}}</ref> - not commonly used.		*WT1 usually +ve<ref name=pmid17927581>{{cite journal \|author=Wilsher M, Cheerala B \|title=WT1 as a complementary marker of malignant melanoma: an immunohistochemical study of whole sections \|journal=Histopathology \|volume=51 \|issue=5 \|pages=605–10 \|year=2007 \|month=November \|pmid=17927581 \|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02843.x \|url=}}</ref> - not commonly used.

Michael at 15:31, 5 November 2021

2021-11-05T15:31:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:31, 5 November 2021
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	\| LMDDx = [[dysplastic nevus]], [[Spitz nevus]], [[common nevus]] (nevoid melanoma), [[atypical fibroxanthoma]], (spindle cell) [[squamous cell carcinoma]], [[leiomyosarcoma]], [[serous carcinoma]], [[clear cell sarcoma]], others		\| LMDDx = [[dysplastic nevus]], [[Spitz nevus]], [[common nevus]] (nevoid melanoma), [[atypical fibroxanthoma]], (spindle cell) [[squamous cell carcinoma]], [[leiomyosarcoma]], [[serous carcinoma]], [[clear cell sarcoma]], others
	\| Stains = melanin		\| Stains = melanin
	\| IHC = S-100, Melan A, HMB-45, MITF, tyrosinase		\| IHC = S-100, Melan A, HMB-45, [[MITF]], tyrosinase
	\| EM = melanosomes		\| EM = melanosomes
	\| Molecular = +/-[[BRAF mutation]]		\| Molecular = +/-[[BRAF mutation]]

Michael: /* Micro */

2021-10-01T14:58:11Z

Micro

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:58, 1 October 2021
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	The lesion is very close to the margin (<0.1 mm clearance).		The lesion is very close to the margin (<0.1 mm clearance).

			=====Alternate=====
			The sections show skin with pigmented atypical melanocytes confined to the epidermis. The melanocytes scatter upwards, and have focal confluent growth and nucleoli. Mitotic activity is not apparent. Solar elastosis is present in the background. The lesion extends to the edge of the tissue; it is incompletely excised.

	===Invasive melanoma===		===Invasive melanoma===

Vincent: /* Tumour stage */

2021-09-14T20:18:03Z

Tumour stage

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:18, 14 September 2021
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	=====Tumour stage=====		=====Tumour stage=====
	Melanoma staging is based primarily on the Breslow thickness:<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Nowecki \| first1 = ZI. \| last2 = Rutkowski \| first2 = P. \| last3 = Michej \| first3 = W. \| title = The survival benefit to patients with positive sentinel node melanoma after completion lymph node dissection may be limited to the subgroup with a primary lesion Breslow thickness greater than 1.0 and less than or equal to 4 mm (pT2-pT3). \| journal = Ann Surg Oncol \| volume = 15 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 2223-34 \| month = Aug \| year = 2008 \| doi = 10.1245/s10434-008-9965-3 \| PMID = 18506535 }}</ref><ref>URL: [~~http~~://~~www~~.cap.org/~~apps~~/~~docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2013/SkinMelanoma_13protocol_3300~~.~~doc http~~://~~www~~.cap.org/~~apps~~/~~docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2013/SkinMelanoma_13protocol_3300~~.~~doc~~]. Accessed on: ~~2 January 2014~~.</ref>		Melanoma staging is based primarily on the Breslow thickness:<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Nowecki \| first1 = ZI. \| last2 = Rutkowski \| first2 = P. \| last3 = Michej \| first3 = W. \| title = The survival benefit to patients with positive sentinel node melanoma after completion lymph node dissection may be limited to the subgroup with a primary lesion Breslow thickness greater than 1.0 and less than or equal to 4 mm (pT2-pT3). \| journal = Ann Surg Oncol \| volume = 15 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 2223-34 \| month = Aug \| year = 2008 \| doi = 10.1245/s10434-008-9965-3 \| PMID = 18506535 }}</ref><ref>URL: [https://documents.cap.org/protocols/Skin.Melanoma.Bx_4.3.0.1.REL_CAPCP.pdf https://documents.cap.org/protocols/Skin.Melanoma.Bx_4.3.0.1.REL_CAPCP.pdf]. Accessed on: 14 September 2021.</ref>
	*pT1 ≤ 1.0 mm.		*pT1 ≤ 1.0 mm.
	**pT1a: ≤ 0.8 mm, no ulceration.		**pT1a: ≤ 0.8 mm, no ulceration.

Vincent: /* Tumour stage */

2021-09-14T20:09:53Z

Tumour stage

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:09, 14 September 2021
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	=====Tumour stage=====		=====Tumour stage=====
	Melanoma staging is based primarily on the Breslow thickness:<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Nowecki \| first1 = ZI. \| last2 = Rutkowski \| first2 = P. \| last3 = Michej \| first3 = W. \| title = The survival benefit to patients with positive sentinel node melanoma after completion lymph node dissection may be limited to the subgroup with a primary lesion Breslow thickness greater than 1.0 and less than or equal to 4 mm (pT2-pT3). \| journal = Ann Surg Oncol \| volume = 15 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 2223-34 \| month = Aug \| year = 2008 \| doi = 10.1245/s10434-008-9965-3 \| PMID = 18506535 }}</ref><ref>URL: [http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2013/SkinMelanoma_13protocol_3300.doc http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2013/SkinMelanoma_13protocol_3300.doc]. Accessed on: 2 January 2014.</ref>		Melanoma staging is based primarily on the Breslow thickness:<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Nowecki \| first1 = ZI. \| last2 = Rutkowski \| first2 = P. \| last3 = Michej \| first3 = W. \| title = The survival benefit to patients with positive sentinel node melanoma after completion lymph node dissection may be limited to the subgroup with a primary lesion Breslow thickness greater than 1.0 and less than or equal to 4 mm (pT2-pT3). \| journal = Ann Surg Oncol \| volume = 15 \| issue = 8 \| pages = 2223-34 \| month = Aug \| year = 2008 \| doi = 10.1245/s10434-008-9965-3 \| PMID = 18506535 }}</ref><ref>URL: [http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2013/SkinMelanoma_13protocol_3300.doc http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2013/SkinMelanoma_13protocol_3300.doc]. Accessed on: 2 January 2014.</ref>
	*pT1 <= 1.0 mm.		*pT1 ≤ 1.0 mm.
	**pT1a: no ulceration~~, <1 mitoses/mm<sup>2</sup>~~.		**pT1a: ≤ 0.8 mm, no ulceration.
	**pT1b: ulceration present ''or'' >=1 ~~mitoses/~~mm~~<sup>2</sup>~~.		**pT1b: ulceration present ''or'' 0.8 mm < thickness ≤ 1.0 mm (with or without ulceration).
	*pT2 1.01 mm to 2.0 mm.		*pT2 1.01 mm to 2.0 mm.
	**pT2a: no ulceration.		**pT2a: no ulceration.

Michael: /* DDx */

2021-02-11T18:45:40Z

DDx

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 11 February 2021
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	**Epithelioid [[angiosarcoma]].		**Epithelioid [[angiosarcoma]].
	*Lymphoma.		*Lymphoma.
	*Other [[melanocytic lesions]].		*[[Nodal nevus]] - benign nevus in lymph node.
			*Other (benign) [[melanocytic lesions]].

	Images:		Images:

Michael: tweak

2020-02-27T19:45:47Z

tweak

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 27 February 2020
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	===Others===		===Others===
	*SOX10 +ve -- useful for differentiate from excision scar.<ref name=pmid20653825>{{cite journal \|author=Ramos-Herberth FI, Karamchandani J, Kim J, Dadras SS \|title=SOX10 immunostaining distinguishes desmoplastic melanoma from excision scar \|journal=J. Cutan. Pathol. \|volume=37 \|issue=9 \|pages=944–52 \|year=2010 \|month=September \|pmid=20653825 \|doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01568.x \|url=}}</ref>		*[[SOX10]] +ve -- useful for differentiate from excision scar.<ref name=pmid20653825>{{cite journal \|author=Ramos-Herberth FI, Karamchandani J, Kim J, Dadras SS \|title=SOX10 immunostaining distinguishes desmoplastic melanoma from excision scar \|journal=J. Cutan. Pathol. \|volume=37 \|issue=9 \|pages=944–52 \|year=2010 \|month=September \|pmid=20653825 \|doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01568.x \|url=}}</ref>
	**~~SOX-10~~ = pan-schwannian and melanocytic marker.		**SOX10 = pan-schwannian and melanocytic marker.
	*[[CD99]] +ve.		*[[CD99]] +ve.

Alessandro: fix typo

2019-10-15T09:56:46Z

fix typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:56, 15 October 2019
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	==Microscopic==		==Microscopic==
	===~~Metatstatic~~/non-skin===		===Metastatic/non-skin===
	Features (non-skin):		Features (non-skin):
	*Classic appearance of melanoma:		*Classic appearance of melanoma:

Michael at 22:23, 27 February 2018

2018-02-27T22:23:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:23, 27 February 2018
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	\| IHC = S-100, Melan A, HMB-45, MITF, tyrosinase		\| IHC = S-100, Melan A, HMB-45, MITF, tyrosinase
	\| EM = melanosomes		\| EM = melanosomes
	\| Molecular =		\| Molecular = +/-[[BRAF mutation]]
	\| IF =		\| IF =
	\| Gross =		\| Gross =
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	==Molecular==		==Molecular==
			* Commonly have [[BRAF mutation]]s.<ref name=pmid12460918>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Brose \| first1 = MS. \| last2 = Volpe \| first2 = P. \| last3 = Feldman \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Kumar \| first4 = M. \| last5 = Rishi \| first5 = I. \| last6 = Gerrero \| first6 = R. \| last7 = Einhorn \| first7 = E. \| last8 = Herlyn \| first8 = M. \| last9 = Minna \| first9 = J. \| title = BRAF and RAS mutations in human lung cancer and melanoma. \| journal = Cancer Res \| volume = 62 \| issue = 23 \| pages = 6997-7000 \| month = Dec \| year = 2002 \| doi = \| PMID = 12460918 }}
			</ref>
	* Desmoplastic melanoma has the highest number of mutations (62 per megabase).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Shain \| first1 = AH. \| last2 = Garrido \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Botton \| first3 = T. \| last4 = Talevich \| first4 = E. \| last5 = Yeh \| first5 = I. \| last6 = Sanborn \| first6 = JZ. \| last7 = Chung \| first7 = J. \| last8 = Wang \| first8 = NJ. \| last9 = Kakavand \| first9 = H. \| title = Exome sequencing of desmoplastic melanoma identifies recurrent NFKBIE promoter mutations and diverse activating mutations in the MAPK pathway. \| journal = Nat Genet \| volume = 47 \| issue = 10 \| pages = 1194-9 \| month = Oct \| year = 2015 \| doi = 10.1038/ng.3382 \| PMID = 26343386 }}</ref>		* Desmoplastic melanoma has the highest number of mutations (62 per megabase).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Shain \| first1 = AH. \| last2 = Garrido \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Botton \| first3 = T. \| last4 = Talevich \| first4 = E. \| last5 = Yeh \| first5 = I. \| last6 = Sanborn \| first6 = JZ. \| last7 = Chung \| first7 = J. \| last8 = Wang \| first8 = NJ. \| last9 = Kakavand \| first9 = H. \| title = Exome sequencing of desmoplastic melanoma identifies recurrent NFKBIE promoter mutations and diverse activating mutations in the MAPK pathway. \| journal = Nat Genet \| volume = 47 \| issue = 10 \| pages = 1194-9 \| month = Oct \| year = 2015 \| doi = 10.1038/ng.3382 \| PMID = 26343386 }}</ref>
	**The high number of (C>T) transitions suggest UV radiation as main cause.		**The high number of (C>T) transitions suggest UV radiation as main cause.

Michael: /* Breslow thickness */

2016-07-07T12:31:31Z

Breslow thickness

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 7 July 2016
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	====Breslow thickness====		====Breslow thickness====
	*[[AKA]] ''maximum tumour thickness''.		*[[AKA]] ''maximum tumour thickness''.
	*Depth measured from stratum granulosum to deepest intradermal tumour cell - predictive of survival.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8>{{Ref PCPBoD8\|595}}</ref>		*Depth measured from [[stratum granulosum]] to deepest intradermal tumour cell - predictive of survival.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8>{{Ref PCPBoD8\|595}}</ref>

	=====Tumour stage=====		=====Tumour stage=====

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 5 November 2021
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	*Melanoma cocktail (HMB-45, MART-1).<ref name=pmid18360125>{{cite journal \|author=Jani P, Chetty R, Ghazarian DM \|title=An unusual composite pilomatrix carcinoma with intralesional melanocytes: differential diagnosis, immunohistochemical evaluation, and review of the literature \|journal=Am J Dermatopathol \|volume=30 \|issue=2 \|pages=174–7 \|year=2008 \|month=April \|pmid=18360125 \|doi=10.1097/DAD.0b013e318165b8fe \|url=}}</ref>		*Melanoma cocktail (HMB-45, MART-1).<ref name=pmid18360125>{{cite journal \|author=Jani P, Chetty R, Ghazarian DM \|title=An unusual composite pilomatrix carcinoma with intralesional melanocytes: differential diagnosis, immunohistochemical evaluation, and review of the literature \|journal=Am J Dermatopathol \|volume=30 \|issue=2 \|pages=174–7 \|year=2008 \|month=April \|pmid=18360125 \|doi=10.1097/DAD.0b013e318165b8fe \|url=}}</ref>
	*Microphthalmia (MITF) - easy to interpret as it is a nuclear stain.<ref>{{OMIM\|156845}}</ref><ref name=pmid16899407>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Levy \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Khaled \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Fisher \| first3 = DE. \| title = MITF: master regulator of melanocyte development and melanoma oncogene. \| journal = Trends Mol Med \| volume = 12 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 406-14 \| month = Sep \| year = 2006 \| doi = 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.07.008 \| PMID = 16899407 }}</ref>		*[[Microphthalmia transcription factor]] (MITF) - easy to interpret as it is a nuclear stain.<ref>{{OMIM\|156845}}</ref><ref name=pmid16899407>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Levy \| first1 = C. \| last2 = Khaled \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Fisher \| first3 = DE. \| title = MITF: master regulator of melanocyte development and melanoma oncogene. \| journal = Trends Mol Med \| volume = 12 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 406-14 \| month = Sep \| year = 2006 \| doi = 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.07.008 \| PMID = 16899407 }}</ref>
	*Tyrosinase.<ref name=pmid17227112>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Roma \| first1 = AA. \| last2 = Magi-Galluzzi \| first2 = C. \| last3 = Zhou \| first3 = M. \| title = Differential expression of melanocytic markers in myoid, lipomatous, and vascular components of renal angiomyolipomas. \| journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med \| volume = 131 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 122-5 \| month = Jan \| year = 2007 \| doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[122:DEOMMI]2.0.CO;2 \| PMID = 17227112 }}</ref>		*Tyrosinase.<ref name=pmid17227112>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Roma \| first1 = AA. \| last2 = Magi-Galluzzi \| first2 = C. \| last3 = Zhou \| first3 = M. \| title = Differential expression of melanocytic markers in myoid, lipomatous, and vascular components of renal angiomyolipomas. \| journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med \| volume = 131 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 122-5 \| month = Jan \| year = 2007 \| doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[122:DEOMMI]2.0.CO;2 \| PMID = 17227112 }}</ref>
	*WT1 usually +ve<ref name=pmid17927581>{{cite journal \|author=Wilsher M, Cheerala B \|title=WT1 as a complementary marker of malignant melanoma: an immunohistochemical study of whole sections \|journal=Histopathology \|volume=51 \|issue=5 \|pages=605–10 \|year=2007 \|month=November \|pmid=17927581 \|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02843.x \|url=}}</ref> - not commonly used.		*WT1 usually +ve<ref name=pmid17927581>{{cite journal \|author=Wilsher M, Cheerala B \|title=WT1 as a complementary marker of malignant melanoma: an immunohistochemical study of whole sections \|journal=Histopathology \|volume=51 \|issue=5 \|pages=605–10 \|year=2007 \|month=November \|pmid=17927581 \|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02843.x \|url=}}</ref> - not commonly used.