Programmed death-ligand 1 - Revision history

Michael at 19:59, 22 August 2024

2024-08-22T19:59:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:59, 22 August 2024
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	\|}		\|}
	===Adequacy of PD-L1===		===Adequacy of PD-L1===
	*100 cells.<ref name=pmid31097091>{{cite journal \|authors=Wang H, Agulnik J, Kasymjanova G, Fiset PO, Camilleri-Broet S, Redpath M, Cohen V, Small D, Pepe C, Sakr L, Spatz A \|title=The metastatic site does not influence PD-L1 expression in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma \|journal=Lung Cancer \|volume=132 \|issue= \|pages=36–38 \|date=June 2019 \|pmid=31097091 \|doi=10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.04.009 \|url=}}</ref>		*100 cells or more.<ref name=pmid31097091>{{cite journal \|authors=Wang H, Agulnik J, Kasymjanova G, Fiset PO, Camilleri-Broet S, Redpath M, Cohen V, Small D, Pepe C, Sakr L, Spatz A \|title=The metastatic site does not influence PD-L1 expression in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma \|journal=Lung Cancer \|volume=132 \|issue= \|pages=36–38 \|date=June 2019 \|pmid=31097091 \|doi=10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.04.009 \|url=}}</ref>

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==

Michael at 19:59, 22 August 2024

2024-08-22T19:59:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:59, 22 August 2024
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	\| [[PD-L1]] (CD274), PD-L2 (CD273)		\| [[PD-L1]] (CD274), PD-L2 (CD273)
	\|}		\|}
			===Adequacy of PD-L1===
			*100 cells.<ref name=pmid31097091>{{cite journal \|authors=Wang H, Agulnik J, Kasymjanova G, Fiset PO, Camilleri-Broet S, Redpath M, Cohen V, Small D, Pepe C, Sakr L, Spatz A \|title=The metastatic site does not influence PD-L1 expression in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma \|journal=Lung Cancer \|volume=132 \|issue= \|pages=36–38 \|date=June 2019 \|pmid=31097091 \|doi=10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.04.009 \|url=}}</ref>

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==

Michael: +22C3

2018-11-19T14:25:23Z

+22C3

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:25, 19 November 2018
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	[[Image:PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg\|right\|thumb\|[[Micrograph]] showing a PD-L1 positive non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). PD-L1 [[immunostain]]. (WC)]]		[[Image:PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg\|right\|thumb\|[[Micrograph]] showing a PD-L1 positive non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). PD-L1 [[immunostain]] (22C3). (WC)]]
	'''Programmed death-ligand 1''', commonly abbreviated '''PD-L1''', is a protein with an important role in immune system regulation and [[cancer]].		'''Programmed death-ligand 1''', commonly abbreviated '''PD-L1''', is a protein with an important role in immune system regulation and [[cancer]].
	[[Image:PD-L1 negative lung adenocarcinoma -- high mag.jpg\|right\|thumb\|[[Micrograph]] showing a PD-L1 negative [[NSCLC]]. PD-L1 immunostain. (WC)]]		[[Image:PD-L1 negative lung adenocarcinoma -- high mag.jpg\|right\|thumb\|[[Micrograph]] showing a PD-L1 negative [[NSCLC]]. PD-L1 immunostain (22C3). (WC)]]

	Normally, PD-L1 on cells binds with [[programmed cell death 1]] on the T lymphocytes.<ref name=pmid22658126/>		Normally, PD-L1 on cells binds with [[programmed cell death 1]] on the T lymphocytes.<ref name=pmid22658126/>
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	==General==		==General==
	[[Image:PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_in_lymph_node_--_intermed_mag.jpg\|thumb\|right\|PD-L1 positive lung adenocarcinoma in a lymph node. (WC)]]		[[Image:PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_in_lymph_node_--_intermed_mag.jpg\|thumb\|right\|PD-L1 positive lung adenocarcinoma in a lymph node. 22C3 PD-L1 immunostain. (WC)]]
	*In theory, positive PD-L1 [[IHC\|immunostaining]] predicts response to anti-PD-L1 drugs.<ref name=pmid26970723/>		*In theory, positive PD-L1 [[IHC\|immunostaining]] predicts response to anti-PD-L1 drugs.<ref name=pmid26970723/>
	**Carcinoma cell is considered "PD-L1 positive" if the cell membrane is partially or completely stained.<ref name="pmid27389313">{{Cite journal \| last1 = Scheel \| first1 = AH. \| last2 = Dietel \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Heukamp \| first3 = LC. \| last4 = Jöhrens \| first4 = K. \| last5 = Kirchner \| first5 = T. \| last6 = Reu \| first6 = S. \| last7 = Rüschoff \| first7 = J. \| last8 = Schildhaus \| first8 = HU. \| last9 = Schirmacher \| first9 = P. \| title = Harmonized PD-L1 immunohistochemistry for pulmonary squamous-cell and adenocarcinomas. \| journal = Mod Pathol \| volume = 29 \| issue = 10 \| pages = 1165-72 \| month = Oct \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2016.117 \| PMID = 27389313 }}</ref>		**Carcinoma cell is considered "PD-L1 positive" if the cell membrane is partially or completely stained.<ref name="pmid27389313">{{Cite journal \| last1 = Scheel \| first1 = AH. \| last2 = Dietel \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Heukamp \| first3 = LC. \| last4 = Jöhrens \| first4 = K. \| last5 = Kirchner \| first5 = T. \| last6 = Reu \| first6 = S. \| last7 = Rüschoff \| first7 = J. \| last8 = Schildhaus \| first8 = HU. \| last9 = Schirmacher \| first9 = P. \| title = Harmonized PD-L1 immunohistochemistry for pulmonary squamous-cell and adenocarcinomas. \| journal = Mod Pathol \| volume = 29 \| issue = 10 \| pages = 1165-72 \| month = Oct \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2016.117 \| PMID = 27389313 }}</ref>

Michael at 04:11, 9 November 2018

2018-11-09T04:11:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:11, 9 November 2018
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	[[Image:PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg\|right\|thumb\|[[Micrograph]] showing a PD-L1 positive non-small cell lung carcinoma. PD-L1 [[immunostain]]. (WC)]]		[[Image:PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg\|right\|thumb\|[[Micrograph]] showing a PD-L1 positive non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). PD-L1 [[immunostain]]. (WC)]]
	'''Programmed death-ligand 1''', commonly abbreviated '''PD-L1''', is a protein with an important role in immune system regulation and [[cancer]].		'''Programmed death-ligand 1''', commonly abbreviated '''PD-L1''', is a protein with an important role in immune system regulation and [[cancer]].
			[[Image:PD-L1 negative lung adenocarcinoma -- high mag.jpg\|right\|thumb\|[[Micrograph]] showing a PD-L1 negative [[NSCLC]]. PD-L1 immunostain. (WC)]]

	Normally, PD-L1 on cells binds with [[programmed cell death 1]] on the T lymphocytes.<ref name=pmid22658126/>		Normally, PD-L1 on cells binds with [[programmed cell death 1]] on the T lymphocytes.<ref name=pmid22658126/>

Michael: /* General */

2018-11-09T04:02:51Z

General

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:02, 9 November 2018
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	[[Image:PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_in_lymph_node_--_intermed_mag.jpg\|thumb\|right\|PD-L1 positive lung adenocarcinoma in a lymph node. (WC)]]		[[Image:PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_in_lymph_node_--_intermed_mag.jpg\|thumb\|right\|PD-L1 positive lung adenocarcinoma in a lymph node. (WC)]]
	*In theory, positive PD-L1 [[IHC\|immunostaining]] predicts response to anti-PD-L1 drugs.<ref name=pmid26970723/>		*In theory, positive PD-L1 [[IHC\|immunostaining]] predicts response to anti-PD-L1 drugs.<ref name=pmid26970723/>
	**Carcinoma cell is considered "PD-L1 positive" if the cell membrane is partially or completely stained. <ref name="pmid27389313">{{Cite journal \| last1 = Scheel \| first1 = AH. \| last2 = Dietel \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Heukamp \| first3 = LC. \| last4 = Jöhrens \| first4 = K. \| last5 = Kirchner \| first5 = T. \| last6 = Reu \| first6 = S. \| last7 = Rüschoff \| first7 = J. \| last8 = Schildhaus \| first8 = HU. \| last9 = Schirmacher \| first9 = P. \| title = Harmonized PD-L1 immunohistochemistry for pulmonary squamous-cell and adenocarcinomas. \| journal = Mod Pathol \| volume = 29 \| issue = 10 \| pages = 1165-72 \| month = Oct \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2016.117 \| PMID = 27389313 }}</ref>		**Carcinoma cell is considered "PD-L1 positive" if the cell membrane is partially or completely stained.<ref name="pmid27389313">{{Cite journal \| last1 = Scheel \| first1 = AH. \| last2 = Dietel \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Heukamp \| first3 = LC. \| last4 = Jöhrens \| first4 = K. \| last5 = Kirchner \| first5 = T. \| last6 = Reu \| first6 = S. \| last7 = Rüschoff \| first7 = J. \| last8 = Schildhaus \| first8 = HU. \| last9 = Schirmacher \| first9 = P. \| title = Harmonized PD-L1 immunohistochemistry for pulmonary squamous-cell and adenocarcinomas. \| journal = Mod Pathol \| volume = 29 \| issue = 10 \| pages = 1165-72 \| month = Oct \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2016.117 \| PMID = 27389313 }}</ref>
	*It is, however, more complex than that. Some tumour types are invariably positive, e.g. classical Hodgkin lymphoma, so testing is unhelpful. In contrast, tumors such as malignant melanoma respond regardless of PD-L1 immunoexpression.		*It is, however, more complex than that. Some tumour types are invariably positive, e.g. classical Hodgkin lymphoma, so testing is unhelpful. In contrast, tumors such as malignant melanoma respond regardless of PD-L1 immunoexpression.
	*The plethora of companion diagnostics developed for each PD-1/ PD-L1 inhibitor has created challenges, as these assays include different IHC antibody clones, staining protocols and platforms, scoring systems, and cutoffs for defining positivity.		*The plethora of companion diagnostics developed for each PD-1/ PD-L1 inhibitor has created challenges, as these assays include different IHC antibody clones, staining protocols and platforms, scoring systems, and cutoffs for defining positivity.

Michael: /* General */ +another ihc image

2018-11-09T03:59:03Z

General: +another ihc image

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:59, 9 November 2018
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	==General==		==General==
			[[Image:PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_in_lymph_node_--_intermed_mag.jpg\|thumb\|right\|PD-L1 positive lung adenocarcinoma in a lymph node. (WC)]]
	*In theory, positive PD-L1 [[IHC\|immunostaining]] predicts response to anti-PD-L1 drugs.<ref name=pmid26970723/>		*In theory, positive PD-L1 [[IHC\|immunostaining]] predicts response to anti-PD-L1 drugs.<ref name=pmid26970723/>
	**Carcinoma cell is considered "PD-L1 positive" if the cell membrane is partially or completely stained. <ref name="pmid27389313">{{Cite journal \| last1 = Scheel \| first1 = AH. \| last2 = Dietel \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Heukamp \| first3 = LC. \| last4 = Jöhrens \| first4 = K. \| last5 = Kirchner \| first5 = T. \| last6 = Reu \| first6 = S. \| last7 = Rüschoff \| first7 = J. \| last8 = Schildhaus \| first8 = HU. \| last9 = Schirmacher \| first9 = P. \| title = Harmonized PD-L1 immunohistochemistry for pulmonary squamous-cell and adenocarcinomas. \| journal = Mod Pathol \| volume = 29 \| issue = 10 \| pages = 1165-72 \| month = Oct \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2016.117 \| PMID = 27389313 }}</ref>		**Carcinoma cell is considered "PD-L1 positive" if the cell membrane is partially or completely stained. <ref name="pmid27389313">{{Cite journal \| last1 = Scheel \| first1 = AH. \| last2 = Dietel \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Heukamp \| first3 = LC. \| last4 = Jöhrens \| first4 = K. \| last5 = Kirchner \| first5 = T. \| last6 = Reu \| first6 = S. \| last7 = Rüschoff \| first7 = J. \| last8 = Schildhaus \| first8 = HU. \| last9 = Schirmacher \| first9 = P. \| title = Harmonized PD-L1 immunohistochemistry for pulmonary squamous-cell and adenocarcinomas. \| journal = Mod Pathol \| volume = 29 \| issue = 10 \| pages = 1165-72 \| month = Oct \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2016.117 \| PMID = 27389313 }}</ref>

Michael: /* Drugs - Immune checkpoint inhibitors */

2018-11-09T03:57:33Z

Drugs - Immune checkpoint inhibitors

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:57, 9 November 2018
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	**Durvalumab (''Imfinzi'', AstraZeneca).		**Durvalumab (''Imfinzi'', AstraZeneca).
	**Avelumab (''Bavencio'', Merck/Pfizer).		**Avelumab (''Bavencio'', Merck/Pfizer).


	===Anti-PD-L1 drugs - use===		===Anti-PD-L1 drugs - use===

Michael: +IHC

2018-11-09T03:49:05Z

+IHC

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:49, 9 November 2018
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			[[Image:PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg\|right\|thumb\|[[Micrograph]] showing a PD-L1 positive non-small cell lung carcinoma. PD-L1 [[immunostain]]. (WC)]]
	'''Programmed death-ligand 1''', commonly abbreviated '''PD-L1''', is a protein with an important role in immune system regulation and [[cancer]].		'''Programmed death-ligand 1''', commonly abbreviated '''PD-L1''', is a protein with an important role in immune system regulation and [[cancer]].

Michael: /* Drugs - Immune checkpoint inhibitors */

2018-11-08T19:46:45Z

Drugs - Immune checkpoint inhibitors

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:46, 8 November 2018
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	**Atezolizumab (''Tecentriq'', Roche).<ref name=pmid26970723>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Fehrenbacher \| first1 = L. \| last2 = Spira \| first2 = A. \| last3 = Ballinger \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Kowanetz \| first4 = M. \| last5 = Vansteenkiste \| first5 = J. \| last6 = Mazieres \| first6 = J. \| last7 = Park \| first7 = K. \| last8 = Smith \| first8 = D. \| last9 = Artal-Cortes \| first9 = A. \| title = Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. \| journal = Lancet \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Mar \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00587-0 \| PMID = 26970723 }}</ref>		**Atezolizumab (''Tecentriq'', Roche).<ref name=pmid26970723>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Fehrenbacher \| first1 = L. \| last2 = Spira \| first2 = A. \| last3 = Ballinger \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Kowanetz \| first4 = M. \| last5 = Vansteenkiste \| first5 = J. \| last6 = Mazieres \| first6 = J. \| last7 = Park \| first7 = K. \| last8 = Smith \| first8 = D. \| last9 = Artal-Cortes \| first9 = A. \| title = Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. \| journal = Lancet \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Mar \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00587-0 \| PMID = 26970723 }}</ref>
	**Durvalumab (''Imfinzi'', AstraZeneca).		**Durvalumab (''Imfinzi'', AstraZeneca).
	**Avelumab (''Bavencio'', Merck).		**Avelumab (''Bavencio'', Merck/Pfizer).

Michael: /* Drugs - Immune checkpoint inhibitors */

2018-11-08T19:42:22Z

Drugs - Immune checkpoint inhibitors

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:42, 8 November 2018
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	==Drugs - Immune checkpoint inhibitors==		==Drugs - Immune checkpoint inhibitors==
	*PD-1 inhibitors:		*PD-1 inhibitors:
	**Nivolumab (Opdivo, Bristol-Myers Squibb).		**Nivolumab (''Opdivo'', Bristol-Myers Squibb).
	**Pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck).		**Pembrolizumab (''Keytruda'', Merck).

	*PD-L1 inhibitors:		*PD-L1 inhibitors: