Prostate-specific antigen - Revision history

Michael: /* Free serum PSA/total PSA */

2025-09-21T16:09:53Z

Free serum PSA/total PSA

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 21 September 2025
Line 58:		Line 58:
	====Free serum PSA/total PSA====		====Free serum PSA/total PSA====
	:Also ''PSA free-to-total ratio'' (abbreviated ''FTR''<ref name=pmid39607059>{{cite journal \|authors=Sii S, Papa N, Yiu TW, Tempo J, Qu L, Perera M, Thompson I, Ischia J, Fleshner N, Smith E, Ranasinghe W, Bolton D, Woon DT \|title=Utility of PSA free-to-total ratio for clinically significant prostate cancer in men with a PSA level of <4 ng/mL \|journal=BJU Int \|volume=135 \|issue=4 \|pages=550–556 \|date=April 2025 \|pmid=39607059 \|doi=10.1111/bju.16597 \|url=}}</ref>) and ''PSA free/PSA ratio''		:Also ''PSA free-to-total ratio'' (abbreviated ''FTR''<ref name=pmid39607059>{{cite journal \|authors=Sii S, Papa N, Yiu TW, Tempo J, Qu L, Perera M, Thompson I, Ischia J, Fleshner N, Smith E, Ranasinghe W, Bolton D, Woon DT \|title=Utility of PSA free-to-total ratio for clinically significant prostate cancer in men with a PSA level of <4 ng/mL \|journal=BJU Int \|volume=135 \|issue=4 \|pages=550–556 \|date=April 2025 \|pmid=39607059 \|doi=10.1111/bju.16597 \|url=}}</ref>) and ''PSA free/PSA ratio''
			* PSA in the serum can be found bound to protein or unbound (free).<ref>{{cite journal \|authors=Cazanave Mora JM, Del Valle García R, Pérez López L, Bequer Ariza DC, Zulueta Rodríguez O, Melchor Rodríguez A, Hernández Pérez L, López Cisneros R, Arteaga Yera AL, Silva Cabrera E, Fernández Yero JL \|title=Measurement of total and free prostate specific antigen (PSA) in human serum samples using an ultra-microanalytical system \|journal=J Pharm Biomed Anal \|volume=208 \|issue= \|pages=114470 \|date=January 2022 \|pmid=34798395 \|doi=10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114470 \|url=}}</ref>
	* High values of FTR have a lower risk of prostate cancer.		* High values of FTR have a lower risk of prostate cancer.
	** Modelling based on a cohort 406 men showed that: FTR ≤0.15 ~46% had prostate cancer versus FTR ≥0.20 ~22% had prostate cancer.<ref name=pmid39607059/>		** Modelling based on a cohort 406 men showed that: FTR ≤0.15 ~46% had prostate cancer versus FTR ≥0.20 ~22% had prostate cancer.<ref name=pmid39607059/>

Michael: /* Free serum PSA/total PSA */

2025-09-21T16:05:01Z

Free serum PSA/total PSA

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 21 September 2025
Line 58:		Line 58:
	====Free serum PSA/total PSA====		====Free serum PSA/total PSA====
	:Also ''PSA free-to-total ratio'' (abbreviated ''FTR''<ref name=pmid39607059>{{cite journal \|authors=Sii S, Papa N, Yiu TW, Tempo J, Qu L, Perera M, Thompson I, Ischia J, Fleshner N, Smith E, Ranasinghe W, Bolton D, Woon DT \|title=Utility of PSA free-to-total ratio for clinically significant prostate cancer in men with a PSA level of <4 ng/mL \|journal=BJU Int \|volume=135 \|issue=4 \|pages=550–556 \|date=April 2025 \|pmid=39607059 \|doi=10.1111/bju.16597 \|url=}}</ref>) and ''PSA free/PSA ratio''		:Also ''PSA free-to-total ratio'' (abbreviated ''FTR''<ref name=pmid39607059>{{cite journal \|authors=Sii S, Papa N, Yiu TW, Tempo J, Qu L, Perera M, Thompson I, Ischia J, Fleshner N, Smith E, Ranasinghe W, Bolton D, Woon DT \|title=Utility of PSA free-to-total ratio for clinically significant prostate cancer in men with a PSA level of <4 ng/mL \|journal=BJU Int \|volume=135 \|issue=4 \|pages=550–556 \|date=April 2025 \|pmid=39607059 \|doi=10.1111/bju.16597 \|url=}}</ref>) and ''PSA free/PSA ratio''
	* High values of FTR have a lower risk of ~~significant~~ prostate cancer ~~(grade group 2 or worse)~~.		* High values of FTR have a lower risk of prostate cancer.
	** Modelling based on a cohort 406 men showed that: FTR ≤0.15 ~46% had prostate cancer versus FTR ≥0.20 ~22% had prostate cancer.<ref name=pmid39607059>		** Modelling based on a cohort 406 men showed that: FTR ≤0.15 ~46% had prostate cancer versus FTR ≥0.20 ~22% had prostate cancer.<ref name=pmid39607059/>

	===Phoenix definition of biochemical failure===		===Phoenix definition of biochemical failure===

Michael: /* A forumla for PSAD */ +free PSA/total PSA

2025-09-21T16:04:04Z

A forumla for PSAD: +free PSA/total PSA

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:04, 21 September 2025
Line 55:		Line 55:
	::<math>\frac{4}{3}\pi D1 \times D1 \times D3</math>.		::<math>\frac{4}{3}\pi D1 \times D1 \times D3</math>.
	*As 1 cm<sup>3</sup> is equal to 1 ml, the units of PSAD are (ng/ml)/cm<sup>3</sup> or ng/ml<sup>2</sup>.		*As 1 cm<sup>3</sup> is equal to 1 ml, the units of PSAD are (ng/ml)/cm<sup>3</sup> or ng/ml<sup>2</sup>.

			====Free serum PSA/total PSA====
			:Also ''PSA free-to-total ratio'' (abbreviated ''FTR''<ref name=pmid39607059>{{cite journal \|authors=Sii S, Papa N, Yiu TW, Tempo J, Qu L, Perera M, Thompson I, Ischia J, Fleshner N, Smith E, Ranasinghe W, Bolton D, Woon DT \|title=Utility of PSA free-to-total ratio for clinically significant prostate cancer in men with a PSA level of <4 ng/mL \|journal=BJU Int \|volume=135 \|issue=4 \|pages=550–556 \|date=April 2025 \|pmid=39607059 \|doi=10.1111/bju.16597 \|url=}}</ref>) and ''PSA free/PSA ratio''
			* High values of FTR have a lower risk of significant prostate cancer (grade group 2 or worse).
			** Modelling based on a cohort 406 men showed that: FTR ≤0.15 ~46% had prostate cancer versus FTR ≥0.20 ~22% had prostate cancer.<ref name=pmid39607059>

	===Phoenix definition of biochemical failure===		===Phoenix definition of biochemical failure===

Michael: /* Phoenix definition of biochemical failure */

2025-01-29T18:50:36Z

Phoenix definition of biochemical failure

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:50, 29 January 2025
Line 57:		Line 57:

	===Phoenix definition of biochemical failure===		===Phoenix definition of biochemical failure===
			Failure after radiotherapy:
	*PSA nadir + 2 ug/L.<ref name=pmid17968996>{{cite journal \|authors=Abramowitz MC, Li T, Buyyounouski MK, Ross E, Uzzo RG, Pollack A, Horwitz EM \|title=The Phoenix definition of biochemical failure predicts for overall survival in patients with prostate cancer \|journal=Cancer \|volume=112 \|issue=1 \|pages=55–60 \|date=January 2008 \|pmid=17968996 \|doi=10.1002/cncr.23139 \|url=}}</ref>		*PSA nadir + 2 ug/L.<ref name=pmid17968996>{{cite journal \|authors=Abramowitz MC, Li T, Buyyounouski MK, Ross E, Uzzo RG, Pollack A, Horwitz EM \|title=The Phoenix definition of biochemical failure predicts for overall survival in patients with prostate cancer \|journal=Cancer \|volume=112 \|issue=1 \|pages=55–60 \|date=January 2008 \|pmid=17968996 \|doi=10.1002/cncr.23139 \|url=}}</ref>

Michael: more

2025-01-29T18:48:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:48, 29 January 2025
Line 55:		Line 55:
	::<math>\frac{4}{3}\pi D1 \times D1 \times D3</math>.		::<math>\frac{4}{3}\pi D1 \times D1 \times D3</math>.
	*As 1 cm<sup>3</sup> is equal to 1 ml, the units of PSAD are (ng/ml)/cm<sup>3</sup> or ng/ml<sup>2</sup>.		*As 1 cm<sup>3</sup> is equal to 1 ml, the units of PSAD are (ng/ml)/cm<sup>3</sup> or ng/ml<sup>2</sup>.

			===Phoenix definition of biochemical failure===
			*PSA nadir + 2 ug/L.<ref name=pmid17968996>{{cite journal \|authors=Abramowitz MC, Li T, Buyyounouski MK, Ross E, Uzzo RG, Pollack A, Horwitz EM \|title=The Phoenix definition of biochemical failure predicts for overall survival in patients with prostate cancer \|journal=Cancer \|volume=112 \|issue=1 \|pages=55–60 \|date=January 2008 \|pmid=17968996 \|doi=10.1002/cncr.23139 \|url=}}</ref>

	===Immunostain===		===Immunostain===
Line 78:		Line 81:
	*[[Prostate cancer]].		*[[Prostate cancer]].
	*[[Prostatic-specific acid phosphatase]].		*[[Prostatic-specific acid phosphatase]].
			*[[NKX3.1]].

	==References==		==References==

Michael: vauthors

2021-03-25T17:18:39Z

vauthors

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:18, 25 March 2021
Line 58:		Line 58:
	===Immunostain===		===Immunostain===
	*Relatively specific for prostate		*Relatively specific for prostate
	*May be found in normal pancreatic, salivary gland, Skene's glands and lactating breast tissue.<ref name=pmid21979599>{{cite journal \|~~vauthors~~=Kelly P, McBride HA, Kennedy K, Connolly LE, McCluggage WG \|title=Misplaced Skene's glands: glandular elements in the lower female genital tract that are variably immunoreactive with prostate markers and that encompass vaginal tubulosquamous polyp and cervical ectopic prostatic tissue \|journal=Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. \|volume=30 \|issue=6 \|pages=605–12 \|date=November 2011 \|pmid=21979599 \|doi=10.1097/PGP.0b013e31821713b6 \|url=}}</ref>		*May be found in normal pancreatic, salivary gland, Skene's glands and lactating breast tissue.<ref name=pmid21979599>{{cite journal \|authors=Kelly P, McBride HA, Kennedy K, Connolly LE, McCluggage WG \|title=Misplaced Skene's glands: glandular elements in the lower female genital tract that are variably immunoreactive with prostate markers and that encompass vaginal tubulosquamous polyp and cervical ectopic prostatic tissue \|journal=Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. \|volume=30 \|issue=6 \|pages=605–12 \|date=November 2011 \|pmid=21979599 \|doi=10.1097/PGP.0b013e31821713b6 \|url=}}</ref>
	*In women, positive in up to 30-40% of breast cancers and also in tubulo-squamous polyps of the vagina.		*In women, positive in up to 30-40% of breast cancers and also in tubulo-squamous polyps of the vagina.

Mark: reference for PSA expression in female genital tract

2020-07-29T20:12:34Z

reference for PSA expression in female genital tract

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:12, 29 July 2020
Line 58:		Line 58:
	===Immunostain===		===Immunostain===
	*Relatively specific for prostate		*Relatively specific for prostate
	*May be found in normal pancreatic, salivary gland, Skene's glands and lactating breast tissue.		*May be found in normal pancreatic, salivary gland, Skene's glands and lactating breast tissue.<ref name=pmid21979599>{{cite journal \|vauthors=Kelly P, McBride HA, Kennedy K, Connolly LE, McCluggage WG \|title=Misplaced Skene's glands: glandular elements in the lower female genital tract that are variably immunoreactive with prostate markers and that encompass vaginal tubulosquamous polyp and cervical ectopic prostatic tissue \|journal=Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. \|volume=30 \|issue=6 \|pages=605–12 \|date=November 2011 \|pmid=21979599 \|doi=10.1097/PGP.0b013e31821713b6 \|url=}}</ref>
	*In women, positive in up to 30-40% of breast cancers and also in tubulo-squamous polyps of the vagina.		*In women, positive in up to 30-40% of breast cancers and also in tubulo-squamous polyps of the vagina.

Mark: Specific for most purposes we use it for, but not entirely specific

2017-11-28T21:16:26Z

Specific for most purposes we use it for, but not entirely specific

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:16, 28 November 2017
Line 57:		Line 57:

	===Immunostain===		===Immunostain===
	*~~Specific~~ for prostate.		*Relatively specific for prostate
			*May be found in normal pancreatic, salivary gland, Skene's glands and lactating breast tissue.
			*In women, positive in up to 30-40% of breast cancers and also in tubulo-squamous polyps of the vagina.

	==Microscopic==		==Microscopic==

Michael: /* Serum PSA */

2017-11-21T18:28:02Z

Serum PSA

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:28, 21 November 2017
Line 18:		Line 18:
	*60s - 4.5 ng/ml.		*60s - 4.5 ng/ml.
	*70s - 6.5 ng/ml.		*70s - 6.5 ng/ml.

			Note:
			*The units for PSA may also be μg/L; note that 1 μg/L = 1 ng/ml.

	====Prostate-specific antigen density====		====Prostate-specific antigen density====
	:Abbreviated ''PSAD''.		:Abbreviated ''PSAD''.

Michael: /* Serum PSA */

2017-04-12T21:40:27Z

Serum PSA

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:40, 12 April 2017
Line 7:		Line 7:

	===Serum PSA===		===Serum PSA===
	*Normal - typically <= 4.0 ng/mL.		*Normal - typically <= 4.0 ng/ml.
	**[[Sensitivity]]: 82% (whites), 90% (blacks).<ref name=pmid8998182>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Henderson \| first1 = RJ. \| last2 = Eastham \| first2 = JA. \| last3 = Culkin \| first3 = DJ. \| last4 = Kattan \| first4 = MW. \| last5 = Whatley \| first5 = T. \| last6 = Mata \| first6 = J. \| last7 = Venable \| first7 = D. \| last8 = Sartor \| first8 = O. \| title = Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density: racial differences in men without prostate cancer. \| journal = J Natl Cancer Inst \| volume = 89 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 134-8 \| month = Jan \| year = 1997 \| doi = \| PMID = 8998182 }}		**[[Sensitivity]]: 82% (whites), 90% (blacks).<ref name=pmid8998182>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Henderson \| first1 = RJ. \| last2 = Eastham \| first2 = JA. \| last3 = Culkin \| first3 = DJ. \| last4 = Kattan \| first4 = MW. \| last5 = Whatley \| first5 = T. \| last6 = Mata \| first6 = J. \| last7 = Venable \| first7 = D. \| last8 = Sartor \| first8 = O. \| title = Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density: racial differences in men without prostate cancer. \| journal = J Natl Cancer Inst \| volume = 89 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 134-8 \| month = Jan \| year = 1997 \| doi = \| PMID = 8998182 }}
	</ref>		</ref>
Line 14:		Line 14:

	Age-normal:		Age-normal:
	*40s - 2.5.		*40s - 2.5 ng/ml.
	*50s - 3.5.		*50s - 3.5 ng/ml.
	*60s - 4.5.		*60s - 4.5 ng/ml.
	*70s - 6.5.		*70s - 6.5 ng/ml.
	====Prostate-specific antigen density====		====Prostate-specific antigen density====
	:Abbreviated ''PSAD''.		:Abbreviated ''PSAD''.