Tuberous sclerosis - Revision history

Jensflorian: /* Associations */ Tubers moved into separate page

2019-10-14T13:08:54Z

Associations: Tubers moved into separate page

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:08, 14 October 2019
Line 31:		Line 31:
	*[[Tuberous sclerosis-associated renal cell carcinoma]] - an evolving entity.<ref name=pmid25093518/>		*[[Tuberous sclerosis-associated renal cell carcinoma]] - an evolving entity.<ref name=pmid25093518/>
	*[[Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis\|Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia]]<ref name=pmid15841738>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobayashi \| first1 = T. \| last2 = Satoh \| first2 = K. \| last3 = Ohkawa \| first3 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis. \| journal = Acta Radiol \| volume = 46 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 37-40 \| month = Feb \| year = 2005 \| doi = \| PMID = 15841738 }}</ref> - may mimic [[atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung\|atypical adenomatous hyperplasia]].<ref name=pmid18535095>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobashi \| first1 = Y. \| last2 = Sugiu \| first2 = T. \| last3 = Mouri \| first3 = K. \| last4 = Irei \| first4 = T. \| last5 = Nakata \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Oka \| first6 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis: differentiation from multiple atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. \| journal = Jpn J Clin Oncol \| volume = 38 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 451-4 \| month = Jun \| year = 2008 \| doi = 10.1093/jjco/hyn042 \| PMID = 18535095 }}</ref>		*[[Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis\|Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia]]<ref name=pmid15841738>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobayashi \| first1 = T. \| last2 = Satoh \| first2 = K. \| last3 = Ohkawa \| first3 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis. \| journal = Acta Radiol \| volume = 46 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 37-40 \| month = Feb \| year = 2005 \| doi = \| PMID = 15841738 }}</ref> - may mimic [[atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung\|atypical adenomatous hyperplasia]].<ref name=pmid18535095>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobashi \| first1 = Y. \| last2 = Sugiu \| first2 = T. \| last3 = Mouri \| first3 = K. \| last4 = Irei \| first4 = T. \| last5 = Nakata \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Oka \| first6 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis: differentiation from multiple atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. \| journal = Jpn J Clin Oncol \| volume = 38 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 451-4 \| month = Jun \| year = 2008 \| doi = 10.1093/jjco/hyn042 \| PMID = 18535095 }}</ref>
	*Cortical ~~tubers~~ (malformative, epilepsy-associated).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Cotter \| first1 = JA. \| title = An update on the central nervous system manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex. \| journal = Acta Neuropathol \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Apr \| year = 2019 \| doi = 10.1007/s00401-019-02003-1 \| PMID = 30976976 }}</ref>		*[[Cortical tuber]]s (malformative, epilepsy-associated).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Cotter \| first1 = JA. \| title = An update on the central nervous system manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex. \| journal = Acta Neuropathol \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Apr \| year = 2019 \| doi = 10.1007/s00401-019-02003-1 \| PMID = 30976976 }}</ref>
	**Seen in 80-90% of the cases.
	**Gyrus is usu. thickened, raised, and occasionally dimpled.
	**Giant cells, dysmorphic neurons, disrupted cortical lamination, gliosis, calcifications.
	**Ballon cells are Vim+ve, MAP2+ve, Nestin+ve, GFAP+/-ve, NeuN+/-ve.
	**TSC2 has larger and more numerous tubers.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Overwater \| first1 = IE. \| last2 = Swenker \| first2 = R. \| last3 = van der Ende \| first3 = EL. \| last4 = Hanemaayer \| first4 = KB. \| last5 = Hoogeveen-Westerveld \| first5 = M. \| last6 = van Eeghen \| first6 = AM. \| last7 = Lequin \| first7 = MH. \| last8 = van den Ouweland \| first8 = AM. \| last9 = Moll \| first9 = HA. \| title = Genotype and brain pathology phenotype in children with tuberous sclerosis complex. \| journal = Eur J Hum Genet \| volume = 24 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 1688-1695 \| month = 12 \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1038/ejhg.2016.85 \| PMID = 27406250 }}</ref>
	**DD: Focal cortical dysplasia ILAE type IIB (Tubers are usu. multifocal).

	Note:		Note:

Jensflorian: graphical scheme added

2019-10-14T08:28:54Z

graphical scheme added

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:28, 14 October 2019
Line 42:		Line 42:
	*The same genes (TSC1, TSC2) are implicated in [[PEComa]]s.		*The same genes (TSC1, TSC2) are implicated in [[PEComa]]s.
	*Renal lesions are seen in ~60% of patients.<ref name=pmid17003820/>		*Renal lesions are seen in ~60% of patients.<ref name=pmid17003820/>


			[[File:TSC.png\|thumb300px]]
			*Scheme illustrates types of neuropathologic changes in tuberous sclerosis complex. 1- isolated balloon cells in white matter, TSC-/-; 2- heterotopic cluster with dysplastic neurons TSC-/+; 3- subependymal nodules and 4- subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in ependyma of third ventricle (note that this is not usual localisation for both lesions, which is rather ependyma of lateral ventricles) 5- cortical tuber; 6 - linear migration streak. This scheme is based on DiMario, F Brain abnormalities in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex J Child Neurol, 9, 650-657. 2004.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = DiMario \| first1 = FJ. \| title = Brain abnormalities in tuberous sclerosis complex. \| journal = J Child Neurol \| volume = 19 \| issue = 9 \| pages = 650-7 \| month = Sep \| year = 2004 \| doi = 10.1177/08830738040190090401 \| PMID = 15563010 }}</ref>



	Mnemonic '''SALSA HEART''':<ref>URL: [http://www.usmle-forums.com/usmle-step-1-mnemonics/303-tuberous-sclerosis.html http://www.usmle-forums.com/usmle-step-1-mnemonics/303-tuberous-sclerosis.html]. Accessed on: 20 October 2011.</ref>		Mnemonic '''SALSA HEART''':<ref>URL: [http://www.usmle-forums.com/usmle-step-1-mnemonics/303-tuberous-sclerosis.html http://www.usmle-forums.com/usmle-step-1-mnemonics/303-tuberous-sclerosis.html]. Accessed on: 20 October 2011.</ref>

Jensflorian: /* Associations */ SENs

2019-10-14T08:23:17Z

Associations: SENs

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:23, 14 October 2019
Line 24:		Line 24:
	**Seen in ~1/3 of females with TSC in one series.<ref name=pmid17003820/>		**Seen in ~1/3 of females with TSC in one series.<ref name=pmid17003820/>
	*[[Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma]] (SEGA).<ref name=pmid21455842>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Grajkowska \| first1 = W. \| last2 = Kotulska \| first2 = K. \| last3 = Jurkiewicz \| first3 = E. \| last4 = Roszkowski \| first4 = M. \| last5 = Daszkiewicz \| first5 = P. \| last6 = Jóźwiak \| first6 = S. \| last7 = Matyja \| first7 = E. \| title = Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas with atypical histological features mimicking malignant gliomas. \| journal = Folia Neuropathol \| volume = 49 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 39-46 \| month = \| year = 2011 \| doi = \| PMID = 21455842 }}</ref>		*[[Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma]] (SEGA).<ref name=pmid21455842>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Grajkowska \| first1 = W. \| last2 = Kotulska \| first2 = K. \| last3 = Jurkiewicz \| first3 = E. \| last4 = Roszkowski \| first4 = M. \| last5 = Daszkiewicz \| first5 = P. \| last6 = Jóźwiak \| first6 = S. \| last7 = Matyja \| first7 = E. \| title = Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas with atypical histological features mimicking malignant gliomas. \| journal = Folia Neuropathol \| volume = 49 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 39-46 \| month = \| year = 2011 \| doi = \| PMID = 21455842 }}</ref>
			**Usu at. thalamo-striatal sulcus of the lateral ventricle.
			**Contrast enhancement and progressive growth.
			**Precursor: Subependymal nodules (SENs) without enhancement.
	*Renal cysts.<ref name=pmid25093518/>		*Renal cysts.<ref name=pmid25093518/>
	**Seen in ~45% of individuals with TSC in one series, no gender bias.<ref name=pmid17003820/>		**Seen in ~45% of individuals with TSC in one series, no gender bias.<ref name=pmid17003820/>

Jensflorian: /* Associations */ IHC tuber

2019-10-14T08:20:25Z

Associations: IHC tuber

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:20, 14 October 2019
Line 32:		Line 32:
	**Gyrus is usu. thickened, raised, and occasionally dimpled.		**Gyrus is usu. thickened, raised, and occasionally dimpled.
	**Giant cells, dysmorphic neurons, disrupted cortical lamination, gliosis, calcifications.		**Giant cells, dysmorphic neurons, disrupted cortical lamination, gliosis, calcifications.
			**Ballon cells are Vim+ve, MAP2+ve, Nestin+ve, GFAP+/-ve, NeuN+/-ve.
	**TSC2 has larger and more numerous tubers.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Overwater \| first1 = IE. \| last2 = Swenker \| first2 = R. \| last3 = van der Ende \| first3 = EL. \| last4 = Hanemaayer \| first4 = KB. \| last5 = Hoogeveen-Westerveld \| first5 = M. \| last6 = van Eeghen \| first6 = AM. \| last7 = Lequin \| first7 = MH. \| last8 = van den Ouweland \| first8 = AM. \| last9 = Moll \| first9 = HA. \| title = Genotype and brain pathology phenotype in children with tuberous sclerosis complex. \| journal = Eur J Hum Genet \| volume = 24 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 1688-1695 \| month = 12 \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1038/ejhg.2016.85 \| PMID = 27406250 }}</ref>		**TSC2 has larger and more numerous tubers.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Overwater \| first1 = IE. \| last2 = Swenker \| first2 = R. \| last3 = van der Ende \| first3 = EL. \| last4 = Hanemaayer \| first4 = KB. \| last5 = Hoogeveen-Westerveld \| first5 = M. \| last6 = van Eeghen \| first6 = AM. \| last7 = Lequin \| first7 = MH. \| last8 = van den Ouweland \| first8 = AM. \| last9 = Moll \| first9 = HA. \| title = Genotype and brain pathology phenotype in children with tuberous sclerosis complex. \| journal = Eur J Hum Genet \| volume = 24 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 1688-1695 \| month = 12 \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1038/ejhg.2016.85 \| PMID = 27406250 }}</ref>
	**DD: Focal cortical dysplasia ILAE type IIB (Tubers are usu. multifocal).		**DD: Focal cortical dysplasia ILAE type IIB (Tubers are usu. multifocal).

Jensflorian: /* Associations */ TSC2 and tubers

2019-10-14T08:16:28Z

Associations: TSC2 and tubers

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:16, 14 October 2019
Line 32:		Line 32:
	**Gyrus is usu. thickened, raised, and occasionally dimpled.		**Gyrus is usu. thickened, raised, and occasionally dimpled.
	**Giant cells, dysmorphic neurons, disrupted cortical lamination, gliosis, calcifications.		**Giant cells, dysmorphic neurons, disrupted cortical lamination, gliosis, calcifications.
	**TSC2 has larger and more numerous tubers.		**TSC2 has larger and more numerous tubers.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Overwater \| first1 = IE. \| last2 = Swenker \| first2 = R. \| last3 = van der Ende \| first3 = EL. \| last4 = Hanemaayer \| first4 = KB. \| last5 = Hoogeveen-Westerveld \| first5 = M. \| last6 = van Eeghen \| first6 = AM. \| last7 = Lequin \| first7 = MH. \| last8 = van den Ouweland \| first8 = AM. \| last9 = Moll \| first9 = HA. \| title = Genotype and brain pathology phenotype in children with tuberous sclerosis complex. \| journal = Eur J Hum Genet \| volume = 24 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 1688-1695 \| month = 12 \| year = 2016 \| doi = 10.1038/ejhg.2016.85 \| PMID = 27406250 }}</ref>
	**DD: Focal cortical dysplasia ILAE type IIB (Tubers are usu. multifocal).		**DD: Focal cortical dysplasia ILAE type IIB (Tubers are usu. multifocal).

Jensflorian: /* Associations */ Update on Tubers

2019-10-14T08:13:52Z

Associations: Update on Tubers

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:13, 14 October 2019
Line 28:		Line 28:
	*[[Tuberous sclerosis-associated renal cell carcinoma]] - an evolving entity.<ref name=pmid25093518/>		*[[Tuberous sclerosis-associated renal cell carcinoma]] - an evolving entity.<ref name=pmid25093518/>
	*[[Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis\|Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia]]<ref name=pmid15841738>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobayashi \| first1 = T. \| last2 = Satoh \| first2 = K. \| last3 = Ohkawa \| first3 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis. \| journal = Acta Radiol \| volume = 46 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 37-40 \| month = Feb \| year = 2005 \| doi = \| PMID = 15841738 }}</ref> - may mimic [[atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung\|atypical adenomatous hyperplasia]].<ref name=pmid18535095>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobashi \| first1 = Y. \| last2 = Sugiu \| first2 = T. \| last3 = Mouri \| first3 = K. \| last4 = Irei \| first4 = T. \| last5 = Nakata \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Oka \| first6 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis: differentiation from multiple atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. \| journal = Jpn J Clin Oncol \| volume = 38 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 451-4 \| month = Jun \| year = 2008 \| doi = 10.1093/jjco/hyn042 \| PMID = 18535095 }}</ref>		*[[Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis\|Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia]]<ref name=pmid15841738>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobayashi \| first1 = T. \| last2 = Satoh \| first2 = K. \| last3 = Ohkawa \| first3 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis. \| journal = Acta Radiol \| volume = 46 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 37-40 \| month = Feb \| year = 2005 \| doi = \| PMID = 15841738 }}</ref> - may mimic [[atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung\|atypical adenomatous hyperplasia]].<ref name=pmid18535095>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobashi \| first1 = Y. \| last2 = Sugiu \| first2 = T. \| last3 = Mouri \| first3 = K. \| last4 = Irei \| first4 = T. \| last5 = Nakata \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Oka \| first6 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis: differentiation from multiple atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. \| journal = Jpn J Clin Oncol \| volume = 38 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 451-4 \| month = Jun \| year = 2008 \| doi = 10.1093/jjco/hyn042 \| PMID = 18535095 }}</ref>
	*Cortical tubers (malformative, epilepsy-associated).		*Cortical tubers (malformative, epilepsy-associated).<ref>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Cotter \| first1 = JA. \| title = An update on the central nervous system manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex. \| journal = Acta Neuropathol \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Apr \| year = 2019 \| doi = 10.1007/s00401-019-02003-1 \| PMID = 30976976 }}</ref>
	** Seen in 90~~-100~~% of the cases.		**Seen in 80-90% of the cases.
	**Giant cells, dysmorphic neurons, disrupted cortical lamination, gliosis.		**Gyrus is usu. thickened, raised, and occasionally dimpled.
			**Giant cells, dysmorphic neurons, disrupted cortical lamination, gliosis, calcifications.
			**TSC2 has larger and more numerous tubers.
			**DD: Focal cortical dysplasia ILAE type IIB (Tubers are usu. multifocal).

	Note:		Note:

Michael: /* Associations */

2017-11-18T16:22:15Z

Associations

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:22, 18 November 2017
Line 42:		Line 42:
	**Hypopigmented [[macule]]s.<ref name=pmid23761491>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jindal \| first1 = R. \| last2 = Jain \| first2 = A. \| last3 = Gupta \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Shirazi \| first4 = N. \| title = Ash-leaf spots or naevus depigmentosus: a diagnostic challenge. \| journal = BMJ Case Rep \| volume = 2013 \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Jun \| year = 2013 \| doi = 10.1136/bcr-2012-007008 \| PMID = 23761491 }}</ref>		**Hypopigmented [[macule]]s.<ref name=pmid23761491>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jindal \| first1 = R. \| last2 = Jain \| first2 = A. \| last3 = Gupta \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Shirazi \| first4 = N. \| title = Ash-leaf spots or naevus depigmentosus: a diagnostic challenge. \| journal = BMJ Case Rep \| volume = 2013 \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Jun \| year = 2013 \| doi = 10.1136/bcr-2012-007008 \| PMID = 23761491 }}</ref>
	*[[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]].		*[[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]].
	*'''S'''EGA.		*[[Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma\|'''S'''EGA]].
	*[[angiofibroma\|'''A'''ngiofibroma]].		*[[angiofibroma\|'''A'''ngiofibroma]].
	*[[hamartoma\|'''H'''amartomas]].		*[[hamartoma\|'''H'''amartomas]].

Michael: /* Associations */

2017-11-18T16:21:44Z

Associations

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 18 November 2017
Line 41:		Line 41:
	*'''A'''sh-leaf spots.		*'''A'''sh-leaf spots.
	**Hypopigmented [[macule]]s.<ref name=pmid23761491>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jindal \| first1 = R. \| last2 = Jain \| first2 = A. \| last3 = Gupta \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Shirazi \| first4 = N. \| title = Ash-leaf spots or naevus depigmentosus: a diagnostic challenge. \| journal = BMJ Case Rep \| volume = 2013 \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Jun \| year = 2013 \| doi = 10.1136/bcr-2012-007008 \| PMID = 23761491 }}</ref>		**Hypopigmented [[macule]]s.<ref name=pmid23761491>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jindal \| first1 = R. \| last2 = Jain \| first2 = A. \| last3 = Gupta \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Shirazi \| first4 = N. \| title = Ash-leaf spots or naevus depigmentosus: a diagnostic challenge. \| journal = BMJ Case Rep \| volume = 2013 \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Jun \| year = 2013 \| doi = 10.1136/bcr-2012-007008 \| PMID = 23761491 }}</ref>
			*[[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]].
	*'''S'''EGA.		*'''S'''EGA.
	*[[angiofibroma\|'''A'''ngiofibroma]].		*[[angiofibroma\|'''A'''ngiofibroma]].

Michael: /* Associations */

2017-11-18T16:20:34Z

Associations

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:20, 18 November 2017
Line 39:		Line 39:
	*'''S'''hagreen patches.		*'''S'''hagreen patches.
	**Shagreen patch = ''connective-tissue nevus'' composed of collagen, i.e. ''collagenoma''.<ref>URL: [http://dermatology-s10.cdlib.org/1611/articles/3_2009-11-17/batra.html http://dermatology-s10.cdlib.org/1611/articles/3_2009-11-17/batra.html]. Accessed on: 18 February 2012.</ref>		**Shagreen patch = ''connective-tissue nevus'' composed of collagen, i.e. ''collagenoma''.<ref>URL: [http://dermatology-s10.cdlib.org/1611/articles/3_2009-11-17/batra.html http://dermatology-s10.cdlib.org/1611/articles/3_2009-11-17/batra.html]. Accessed on: 18 February 2012.</ref>
	*'''A'''sh ~~'''L'''eaf~~ spots.		*'''A'''sh-leaf spots.
			**Hypopigmented [[macule]]s.<ref name=pmid23761491>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Jindal \| first1 = R. \| last2 = Jain \| first2 = A. \| last3 = Gupta \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Shirazi \| first4 = N. \| title = Ash-leaf spots or naevus depigmentosus: a diagnostic challenge. \| journal = BMJ Case Rep \| volume = 2013 \| issue = \| pages = \| month = Jun \| year = 2013 \| doi = 10.1136/bcr-2012-007008 \| PMID = 23761491 }}</ref>
	*'''S'''EGA.		*'''S'''EGA.
	*[[angiofibroma\|'''A'''ngiofibroma]].		*[[angiofibroma\|'''A'''ngiofibroma]].

Jensflorian: link to consensus criteria, cortical tuber added

2016-03-08T10:18:48Z

link to consensus criteria, cortical tuber added

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:18, 8 March 2016
Line 6:		Line 6:
	#Mental retardation.		#Mental retardation.
	#Adenoma sebaceum ([[angiofibroma]]s).		#Adenoma sebaceum ([[angiofibroma]]s).

			Diagnostic consensus criteria [http://www.pedneur.com/article/S0887-8994%2813%2900490-6/pdf published] (2012, OpenAcess).

			Also called ''Bourneville-Pringle disease''.

	==General==		==General==
Line 24:		Line 28:
	*[[Tuberous sclerosis-associated renal cell carcinoma]] - an evolving entity.<ref name=pmid25093518/>		*[[Tuberous sclerosis-associated renal cell carcinoma]] - an evolving entity.<ref name=pmid25093518/>
	*[[Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis\|Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia]]<ref name=pmid15841738>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobayashi \| first1 = T. \| last2 = Satoh \| first2 = K. \| last3 = Ohkawa \| first3 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis. \| journal = Acta Radiol \| volume = 46 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 37-40 \| month = Feb \| year = 2005 \| doi = \| PMID = 15841738 }}</ref> - may mimic [[atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung\|atypical adenomatous hyperplasia]].<ref name=pmid18535095>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobashi \| first1 = Y. \| last2 = Sugiu \| first2 = T. \| last3 = Mouri \| first3 = K. \| last4 = Irei \| first4 = T. \| last5 = Nakata \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Oka \| first6 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis: differentiation from multiple atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. \| journal = Jpn J Clin Oncol \| volume = 38 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 451-4 \| month = Jun \| year = 2008 \| doi = 10.1093/jjco/hyn042 \| PMID = 18535095 }}</ref>		*[[Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis\|Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia]]<ref name=pmid15841738>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobayashi \| first1 = T. \| last2 = Satoh \| first2 = K. \| last3 = Ohkawa \| first3 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis. \| journal = Acta Radiol \| volume = 46 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 37-40 \| month = Feb \| year = 2005 \| doi = \| PMID = 15841738 }}</ref> - may mimic [[atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung\|atypical adenomatous hyperplasia]].<ref name=pmid18535095>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Kobashi \| first1 = Y. \| last2 = Sugiu \| first2 = T. \| last3 = Mouri \| first3 = K. \| last4 = Irei \| first4 = T. \| last5 = Nakata \| first5 = M. \| last6 = Oka \| first6 = M. \| title = Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia associated with tuberous sclerosis: differentiation from multiple atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. \| journal = Jpn J Clin Oncol \| volume = 38 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 451-4 \| month = Jun \| year = 2008 \| doi = 10.1093/jjco/hyn042 \| PMID = 18535095 }}</ref>
			*Cortical tubers (malformative, epilepsy-associated).
			** Seen in 90-100% of the cases.
			**Giant cells, dysmorphic neurons, disrupted cortical lamination, gliosis.

	Note:		Note:
Line 63:		Line 70:

	[[Category:Syndromes]]		[[Category:Syndromes]]
			[[Category:Neuropathology]]