Viruses - Revision history

Michael at 15:43, 9 December 2021

2021-12-09T15:43:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:43, 9 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	This article deals with '''viruses'''. The more general topic of infective things is dealt with in [[microorganisms]].		This article deals with '''viruses'''. The more general topic of infective things is dealt with in [[microorganisms]].
	Many viruses afflict humans. Only a few of them can be diagnosed histologically.		Many viruses afflict humans. Only a few of them can be diagnosed histologically.

			[[cancer viruses\|Several viruses cause cancer]] and seen directly or indirectly by pathologists frequently.

	==Viral inclusions - types==		==Viral inclusions - types==

Michael: /* Human papillomavirus */ split out

2021-12-09T15:16:28Z

Human papillomavirus: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:16, 9 December 2021
Line 82:		Line 82:
	==Human papillomavirus==		==Human papillomavirus==
	*Abbreviated ''HPV''.		*Abbreviated ''HPV''.
			{{Main\|Human papillomavirus}}
	~~===General===~~
	*Sexually transmitted.

	~~Note:~~
	*Some tests can be done on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.<ref name=pmid21128780>{{~~Cite journal~~ \| last1 = Black \| first1 = CC. \| last2 = Bentley \| first2 = HA. \| last3 = Davis \| first3 = TH. \| last4 = Tsongalis \| first4 = GJ. \| title = Use of a linear array for the detection of human papillomavirus genotypes in head and neck cancer. \| journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med \| volume = 134 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 1813-7 \| month = Dec \| year = 2010 \| doi = 10.1043/2009-0592-OAR.1 \| PMID = 21128780 }}</ref>

	~~====Associated pathology====~~
	*Benign:
	**[[Verruca vulgaris]].
	**[[Condyloma acuminatum]].
	**[[Esophagus#Human_papilloma_virus_esophagitis\|HPV esophagitis]].
	*Malignant:
	*#[[Uterine cervix\|Cervical cancer]] and precursors ([[LSIL]], [[HSIL]]).
	*#Anal cancer and precursors ([[Anus#Anal_intraepithelial_neoplasia\|AIN]]).<ref name=pmid21616117>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Borget \| first1 = I. \| last2 = Abramowitz \| first2 = L. \| last3 = Mathevet \| first3 = P. \| title = Economic burden of HPV-related cancers in France. \| journal = Vaccine \| volume = 29 \| issue = 32 \| pages = 5245-9 \| month = Jul \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.018 \| PMID = 21616117 }}</ref>
	*#[[Vulva\|Vulvar cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
	*#[[Vagina\|Vaginal cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
	*#[[Penis\|Penile cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
	*#[[HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]] - oropharynx (specifically - tonsils, base of tongue).
	*#[[Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma]] (previously known as ''HPV-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features'').
	**Possibly esophageal carcinoma<ref name=pmid21130683>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Zhang \| first1 = QY. \| last2 = Zhang \| first2 = DH. \| last3 = Shen \| first3 = ZY. \| last4 = Xu \| first4 = LY. \| last5 = Li \| first5 = EM. \| last6 = Au \| first6 = WW. \| title = Infection and integration of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma. \| journal = Int J Hyg Environ Health \| volume = 214 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 156-61 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.11.001 \| PMID = 21130683 }}</ref> - disputed.<ref name=pmid21169053>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Iyer \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Rajendran \| first2 = V. \| last3 = Adamson \| first3 = CS. \| last4 = Peng \| first4 = Z. \| last5 = Cooper \| first5 = K. \| last6 = Evans \| first6 = MF. \| title = Human papillomavirus is detectable in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal carcinoma but is unlikely to be of any etiologic significance. \| journal = J Clin Virol \| volume = 50 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 205-8 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.015 \| PMID = 21169053 }}</ref>

	~~====Oncocytic types====~~
	Known as "high risk" types; this grouping includes:<ref name=pmid22312235>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Ntova \| first1 = CK. \| last2 = Kottaridi \| first2 = C. \| last3 = Chranioti \| first3 = A. \| last4 = Spathis \| first4 = A. \| last5 = Kassanos \| first5 = D. \| last6 = Paraskevaidis \| first6 = E. \| last7 = Karakitsos \| first7 = P. \| title = Genetic Variability and Phylogeny of High Risk HPV Type 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45 L1 Gene in Greek Women. \| journal = Int J Mol Sci \| volume = 13 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 1-17 \| month = \| year = 2012 \| doi = 10.3390/ijms13010001 \| PMID = 22312235 }}</ref>
	*HPV 18 - predominantly adenocarcinoma.<ref name=pmid15551313>{{Cite journal \| last1 = De Boer \| first1 = MA. \| last2 = Peters \| first2 = LA. \| last3 = Aziz \| first3 = MF. \| last4 = Siregar \| first4 = B. \| last5 = Cornain \| first5 = S. \| last6 = Vrede \| first6 = MA. \| last7 = Jordanova \| first7 = ES. \| last8 = Fleuren \| first8 = GJ. \| title = Human papillomavirus type 18 variants: histopathology and E6/E7 polymorphisms in three countries. \| journal = Int J Cancer \| volume = 114 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 422-5 \| month = Apr \| year = 2005 \| doi = 10.1002/ijc.20727 \| PMID = 15551313 }}</ref>
	**'''Eigh'''teen = '''a'''denocarcinoma.
	*HPV 16 - predominantly squamous cell carcinoma.<ref name=pmid15551313/>
	**'''S'''ixteen = '''s'''quamous.
	*HPV 31.
	*HPV 33.
	*HPV 45.

	~~====Oncogenesis====~~
	Quick & dirty explanation of pathogenesis:<ref name=pmid12445661>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Münger \| first1 = K. \| last2 = Howley \| first2 = PM. \| title = Human papillomavirus immortalization and transformation functions. \| journal = Virus Res \| volume = 89 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 213-28 \| month = Nov \| year = 2002 \| doi = \| PMID = 12445661 }}</ref><ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_169>{{Ref PCPBoD8\|169}}</ref>
	*Virus integrates into host genome.
	**This is accompanied by loss of ''viral gene E2'' (which suppresses function of E6 & E7).
	*''Viral gene E6'' dysregulates ''p53''.
	*''Viral gene E7'' dysregulates ''RB''.

	~~====Vaccine====~~
	Recombinant vaccine (Gardasil, Silgard) - covers:<ref name=pmid21942919>{{Cite journal \| last1 = McCormack \| first1 = PL. \| last2 = Joura \| first2 = EA. \| title = Spotlight on Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus(Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine(Gardasil®) in the Prevention of PremalignantGenital Lesions, Genital Cancer, and Genital Warts in Women†. \| journal = BioDrugs \| volume = 25 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 339-43 \| month = Oct \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.2165/11205060-000000000-00000 \| PMID = 21942919 }}~~</ref>~~
	*HPV 6.
	*HPV 11.
	*HPV 16.
	*HPV 18.

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:~~
	*Koilocytes:
	** Perinuclear clearing.
	** Nuclear changes.
	*** Size similar (or larger) to those in the basal layer of the epithelium.
	*** Nuclear enlargement should be evident on low power, i.e. 25x.
	*** Central location - nucleus should be smack in the middle of the cell.

	~~Images:~~
	*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Low-grade_squamous_intraepithelial_lesion.jpg LSIL (WC)].
	*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Low-grade_sil_and_endocx.jpg LSIL & endocervix (WC)].

	~~===IHC===~~
	*p16 +ve -- stains most cells infected by HPV.

	==Adenovirus==		==Adenovirus==

Michael: split out

2021-12-09T15:00:14Z

split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:00, 9 December 2021
Line 198:		Line 198:

	==Human herpesvirus-8==		==Human herpesvirus-8==
	*Commonly abbreviated ''HHV-8''.		{{Main\|Human herpesvirus-8}}

	~~===General===~~
	~~Associated with a number of cancers:~~
	*[[Kaposi sarcoma]].
	*Primary effusion lymphoma.
	*Body cavity lymphoma.
	*[[DLBCL\|~~LBCL]] arising in HHV-8 associated multicentric [[Castleman disease]].~~

	~~Other:~~
	*[[Castleman disease]], plasma cell variant.

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	*No light microscopic changes.

	~~===IHC===~~
	*Usually HHV-8 ~~+ve.~~

	==West Nile virus==		==West Nile virus==

Jensflorian: /* Measles virus */ update

2020-09-11T09:41:43Z

Measles virus: update

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:41, 11 September 2020
Line 235:		Line 235:
	*Causes ''Measles''.		*Causes ''Measles''.
	**Should '''not''' be confused with ''Rubella'' ([[AKA]] ''German measles'').		**Should '''not''' be confused with ''Rubella'' ([[AKA]] ''German measles'').
	*Uncommon due to widespread MMR vaccine.		*Uncommon due to widespread MMR vaccine.
			**However increasing in the last years most likely due to insufficient vaccination.
			*May develop weeks to years after infection.
	*Illness may be complicated by ''subacute sclerosing panencephalitis'' (SSPE) - a chronic neurodegenerative condition.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case595/dx.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case595/dx.html]. Accessed on: 26 January 2012.</ref>		*Illness may be complicated by ''subacute sclerosing panencephalitis'' (SSPE) - a chronic neurodegenerative condition.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case595/dx.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case595/dx.html]. Accessed on: 26 January 2012.</ref>

Line 243:		Line 245:
	**Glassy (pink) nucleus.		**Glassy (pink) nucleus.
	*Lymphocytes and macrophages (microglial cells).		*Lymphocytes and macrophages (microglial cells).
			**May be mild in in measles inclusion body encephalitis.
			*Multinucleated cells.
			*Microglial nodules.
	*Demyelination.		*Demyelination.
			*Gliosis.

	Notes:		Notes:

Michael: /* Epstein-Barr virus */ split out

2019-12-26T19:54:55Z

Epstein-Barr virus: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:54, 26 December 2019
Line 192:		Line 192:

	==Epstein-Barr virus==		==Epstein-Barr virus==
	*Abbreviated ''EBV''		{{Main\|Epstein-Barr virus}}
	~~===General===~~
	*Cases [[mononucleosis]].
	*Part of the herpes group of viruses.<ref>URL: [http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/orfpath/herpes.htm http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/orfpath/herpes.htm]. Accessed on: 14 April 2011.</ref>

	~~Note:~~
	*The virus is ''Epstein''... the tricuspid abnormality is ''[[Ebstein anomaly\|Ebstein]]''.

	~~====Associations====~~
	~~Cancer:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_169>{{Ref PCPBoD8\|169}}</ref>~~
	*Classical [[Hodgkin lymphoma]].
	*[[Burkitt lymphoma]].
	*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]].
	*B cell lymphomas -- in immunosuppressed individuals.
	**[[Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder]].
	*[[Leiomyoma]] and [[leiomyosarcoma]] in the context of [[HIV]].<ref name=pmid8880205>{{Cite journal \| last1 = McClain \| first1 = KL. \| last2 = Joshi \| first2 = VV. \| last3 = Murphy \| first3 = SB. \| title = Cancers in children with HIV infection. \| journal = Hematol Oncol Clin North Am \| volume = 10 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 1189-201 \| month = Oct \| year = 1996 \| doi = \| PMID = 8880205 }}</ref>
	*[[Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type]].

	~~Other:~~
	*[[Hemophagocytic syndrome]].<ref name=pmid20819601>{{~~cite journal \|author=Jin YK, Xie ZD, Yang S, Lu G, Shen KL~~ \|~~title=~~Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a retrospective study of 78 pediatric cases in mainland of China \|journal=Chin. Med. J. \|volume=123 \|issue=11 \|pages=1426–30 \|year=2010 \|month=June \|pmid=20819601 \|doi= \|url=}}</ref>
	*[[Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumour]] - very uncommon, in immunoincompetent individuals.<ref name=pmid16330945>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Deyrup \| first1 = AT. \| last2 = Lee \| first2 = VK. \| last3 = Hill \| first3 = CE. \| last4 = Cheuk \| first4 = W. \| last5 = Toh \| first5 = HC. \| last6 = Kesavan \| first6 = S. \| last7 = Chan \| first7 = EW. \| last8 = Weiss \| first8 = SW. \| title = Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors are distinctive mesenchymal tumors reflecting multiple infection events: a clinicopathologic and molecular analysis of 29 tumors from 19 patients. \| journal = Am J Surg Pathol \| volume = 30 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 75-82 \| month = Jan \| year = 2006 \| doi = \| PMID = 16330945 }}</ref>
	*EBV-associated [[colitis]]<ref name=pmid19279175>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Weinberg \| first1 = I. \| last2 = Neuman \| first2 = T. \| last3 = Margalit \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Ayman \| first4 = F. \| last5 = Wolf \| first5 = DG. \| last6 = Ben-Yehuda \| first6 = A. \| title = Epstein-barr virus-related diarrhea or exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease: diagnostic dilemma. \| journal = J Clin Microbiol \| volume = 47 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 1588-90 \| month = May \| year = 2009 \| doi = 10.1128/JCM.02477-08 \| PMID = 19279175 \| url = http://jcm.asm.org/content/47/5/1588.full }}</ref> - may mimic [[IBD]].<ref name=pmid21119609>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Karlitz \| first1 = JJ. \| last2 = Li \| first2 = ST. \| last3 = Holman \| first3 = RP. \| last4 = Rice \| first4 = MC. \| title = EBV-associated colitis mimicking IBD in an immunocompetent individual. \| journal = Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol \| volume = 8 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 50-4 \| month = Jan \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.192 \| PMID = 21119609 }}</ref>

	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:EBV infection cycle in healthy humans.png \| EBV infection cycle. (WC)~~
	~~</gallery>~~

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:~~
	*Variable - see specific pathologies in ''Associations'' section.
	**+/-Atypical lymphocytes.
	**+/-Hemophagocytosis (uncommon).

	~~Images:~~
	*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case526.html EBV-associated gastritis (upmc.edu)].

	~~===IHC===~~
	*Mixed population of CD3 & CD20 -- in benign.

	~~===Molecular===~~
	*EBER +ve - [[in situ hybridization]] for RNA fragments in EBV.<ref name=pmid9761938>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Tornóczky \| first1 = T. \| last2 = Kelényi \| first2 = G. \| last3 = Pajor \| first3 = L. \| title = EBER oligonucleotide RNA in situ hybridization in EBV associated neoplasms. \| journal = Pathol Oncol Res \| volume = 4 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 201-5 \| month = \| year = 1998 \| doi = \| PMID = 9761938 }}</ref>
	**EBER = '''E'''pstein-'''B'''arr virus (EBV)-'''e'''ncoded small '''R'''NAs.<ref name=pmid20399962>{{cite journal \|vauthors=Iwakiri D, Takada K \|title=Role of EBERs in the pathogenesis of EBV infection \|journal=Adv. Cancer Res. \|volume=107 \|issue= \|pages=119–36 \|date=2010 \|pmid=20399962 \|doi=10.1016/S0065-230X(10)07004-1 \|url=}}~~</ref>~~

	==Polyomavirus==		==Polyomavirus==

Michael: /* Molecular */ EBER

2019-12-26T19:51:19Z

Molecular: EBER

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:51, 26 December 2019
Line 232:		Line 232:

	===Molecular===		===Molecular===
	*EBER +ve -- [[in situ hybridization]] for RNA fragments in EBV.<ref name=pmid9761938>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Tornóczky \| first1 = T. \| last2 = Kelényi \| first2 = G. \| last3 = Pajor \| first3 = L. \| title = EBER oligonucleotide RNA in situ hybridization in EBV associated neoplasms. \| journal = Pathol Oncol Res \| volume = 4 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 201-5 \| month = \| year = 1998 \| doi = \| PMID = 9761938 }}</ref>		*EBER +ve - [[in situ hybridization]] for RNA fragments in EBV.<ref name=pmid9761938>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Tornóczky \| first1 = T. \| last2 = Kelényi \| first2 = G. \| last3 = Pajor \| first3 = L. \| title = EBER oligonucleotide RNA in situ hybridization in EBV associated neoplasms. \| journal = Pathol Oncol Res \| volume = 4 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 201-5 \| month = \| year = 1998 \| doi = \| PMID = 9761938 }}</ref>
			**EBER = '''E'''pstein-'''B'''arr virus (EBV)-'''e'''ncoded small '''R'''NAs.<ref name=pmid20399962>{{cite journal \|vauthors=Iwakiri D, Takada K \|title=Role of EBERs in the pathogenesis of EBV infection \|journal=Adv. Cancer Res. \|volume=107 \|issue= \|pages=119–36 \|date=2010 \|pmid=20399962 \|doi=10.1016/S0065-230X(10)07004-1 \|url=}}</ref>

	==Polyomavirus==		==Polyomavirus==

Michael: /* Associated pathology */

2018-06-04T21:02:44Z

Associated pathology

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:02, 4 June 2018
Line 100:		Line 100:
	*#[[Vagina\|Vaginal cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>		*#[[Vagina\|Vaginal cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
	*#[[Penis\|Penile cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>		*#[[Penis\|Penile cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
	*#[[~~Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma]] (previously known as ''~~HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma'' - oropharynx (specifically - tonsils, base of tongue).		*#[[HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]] - oropharynx (specifically - tonsils, base of tongue).
	*#[[Human papillomavirus-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features]].		*#[[Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma]] (previously known as ''HPV-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features'').
	**Possibly esophageal carcinoma<ref name=pmid21130683>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Zhang \| first1 = QY. \| last2 = Zhang \| first2 = DH. \| last3 = Shen \| first3 = ZY. \| last4 = Xu \| first4 = LY. \| last5 = Li \| first5 = EM. \| last6 = Au \| first6 = WW. \| title = Infection and integration of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma. \| journal = Int J Hyg Environ Health \| volume = 214 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 156-61 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.11.001 \| PMID = 21130683 }}</ref> - disputed.<ref name=pmid21169053>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Iyer \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Rajendran \| first2 = V. \| last3 = Adamson \| first3 = CS. \| last4 = Peng \| first4 = Z. \| last5 = Cooper \| first5 = K. \| last6 = Evans \| first6 = MF. \| title = Human papillomavirus is detectable in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal carcinoma but is unlikely to be of any etiologic significance. \| journal = J Clin Virol \| volume = 50 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 205-8 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.015 \| PMID = 21169053 }}</ref>		**Possibly esophageal carcinoma<ref name=pmid21130683>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Zhang \| first1 = QY. \| last2 = Zhang \| first2 = DH. \| last3 = Shen \| first3 = ZY. \| last4 = Xu \| first4 = LY. \| last5 = Li \| first5 = EM. \| last6 = Au \| first6 = WW. \| title = Infection and integration of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma. \| journal = Int J Hyg Environ Health \| volume = 214 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 156-61 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.11.001 \| PMID = 21130683 }}</ref> - disputed.<ref name=pmid21169053>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Iyer \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Rajendran \| first2 = V. \| last3 = Adamson \| first3 = CS. \| last4 = Peng \| first4 = Z. \| last5 = Cooper \| first5 = K. \| last6 = Evans \| first6 = MF. \| title = Human papillomavirus is detectable in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal carcinoma but is unlikely to be of any etiologic significance. \| journal = J Clin Virol \| volume = 50 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 205-8 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.015 \| PMID = 21169053 }}</ref>

Michael: /* Associated pathology */

2018-06-04T21:00:47Z

Associated pathology

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:00, 4 June 2018
Line 100:		Line 100:
	*#[[Vagina\|Vaginal cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>		*#[[Vagina\|Vaginal cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
	*#[[Penis\|Penile cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>		*#[[Penis\|Penile cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
	*#[[HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]] - oropharynx (specifically - tonsils, base of tongue).		*#[[Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma]] (previously known as ''HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma'' - oropharynx (specifically - tonsils, base of tongue).
	*#[[Human papillomavirus-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features]].		*#[[Human papillomavirus-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features]].
	**Possibly esophageal carcinoma<ref name=pmid21130683>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Zhang \| first1 = QY. \| last2 = Zhang \| first2 = DH. \| last3 = Shen \| first3 = ZY. \| last4 = Xu \| first4 = LY. \| last5 = Li \| first5 = EM. \| last6 = Au \| first6 = WW. \| title = Infection and integration of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma. \| journal = Int J Hyg Environ Health \| volume = 214 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 156-61 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.11.001 \| PMID = 21130683 }}</ref> - disputed.<ref name=pmid21169053>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Iyer \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Rajendran \| first2 = V. \| last3 = Adamson \| first3 = CS. \| last4 = Peng \| first4 = Z. \| last5 = Cooper \| first5 = K. \| last6 = Evans \| first6 = MF. \| title = Human papillomavirus is detectable in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal carcinoma but is unlikely to be of any etiologic significance. \| journal = J Clin Virol \| volume = 50 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 205-8 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.015 \| PMID = 21169053 }}</ref>		**Possibly esophageal carcinoma<ref name=pmid21130683>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Zhang \| first1 = QY. \| last2 = Zhang \| first2 = DH. \| last3 = Shen \| first3 = ZY. \| last4 = Xu \| first4 = LY. \| last5 = Li \| first5 = EM. \| last6 = Au \| first6 = WW. \| title = Infection and integration of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma. \| journal = Int J Hyg Environ Health \| volume = 214 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 156-61 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.11.001 \| PMID = 21130683 }}</ref> - disputed.<ref name=pmid21169053>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Iyer \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Rajendran \| first2 = V. \| last3 = Adamson \| first3 = CS. \| last4 = Peng \| first4 = Z. \| last5 = Cooper \| first5 = K. \| last6 = Evans \| first6 = MF. \| title = Human papillomavirus is detectable in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal carcinoma but is unlikely to be of any etiologic significance. \| journal = J Clin Virol \| volume = 50 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 205-8 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.015 \| PMID = 21169053 }}</ref>

Michael: /* Human papillomavirus */

2017-09-06T15:56:43Z

Human papillomavirus

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:56, 6 September 2017
Line 101:		Line 101:
	*#[[Penis\|Penile cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>		*#[[Penis\|Penile cancer]].<ref name=pmid21616117/>
	*#[[HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]] - oropharynx (specifically - tonsils, base of tongue).		*#[[HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]] - oropharynx (specifically - tonsils, base of tongue).
			*#[[Human papillomavirus-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features]].
	**Possibly esophageal carcinoma<ref name=pmid21130683>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Zhang \| first1 = QY. \| last2 = Zhang \| first2 = DH. \| last3 = Shen \| first3 = ZY. \| last4 = Xu \| first4 = LY. \| last5 = Li \| first5 = EM. \| last6 = Au \| first6 = WW. \| title = Infection and integration of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma. \| journal = Int J Hyg Environ Health \| volume = 214 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 156-61 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.11.001 \| PMID = 21130683 }}</ref> - disputed.<ref name=pmid21169053>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Iyer \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Rajendran \| first2 = V. \| last3 = Adamson \| first3 = CS. \| last4 = Peng \| first4 = Z. \| last5 = Cooper \| first5 = K. \| last6 = Evans \| first6 = MF. \| title = Human papillomavirus is detectable in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal carcinoma but is unlikely to be of any etiologic significance. \| journal = J Clin Virol \| volume = 50 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 205-8 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.015 \| PMID = 21169053 }}</ref>		**Possibly esophageal carcinoma<ref name=pmid21130683>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Zhang \| first1 = QY. \| last2 = Zhang \| first2 = DH. \| last3 = Shen \| first3 = ZY. \| last4 = Xu \| first4 = LY. \| last5 = Li \| first5 = EM. \| last6 = Au \| first6 = WW. \| title = Infection and integration of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma. \| journal = Int J Hyg Environ Health \| volume = 214 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 156-61 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.11.001 \| PMID = 21130683 }}</ref> - disputed.<ref name=pmid21169053>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Iyer \| first1 = A. \| last2 = Rajendran \| first2 = V. \| last3 = Adamson \| first3 = CS. \| last4 = Peng \| first4 = Z. \| last5 = Cooper \| first5 = K. \| last6 = Evans \| first6 = MF. \| title = Human papillomavirus is detectable in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal carcinoma but is unlikely to be of any etiologic significance. \| journal = J Clin Virol \| volume = 50 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 205-8 \| month = Mar \| year = 2011 \| doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.11.015 \| PMID = 21169053 }}</ref>

Michael: /* Polyomavirus */ split out

2016-06-29T17:24:54Z

Polyomavirus: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:24, 29 June 2016
Line 234:		Line 234:

	==Polyomavirus==		==Polyomavirus==
	~~May refer to:~~		{{Main\|Polyomavirus}}
	~~#BK virus.~~
	~~#*See: ''[[~~Polyomavirus ~~nephropathy]]'' and ''[[Urine_cytopathology#Human_polyomavirus_infection]].~~
	~~#Merkel cell polyomavirus.~~
	~~#*See: ''[[Merkel cell carcinoma]]''.~~
	~~#JC virus.~~
	~~#*See: ''[[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]]''.~~

	==Human herpesvirus-8==		==Human herpesvirus-8==